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Cerebrospinal Fluid Classical Biomarker Levels in Mixed vs. Pure A+T+ (A+T1+) Alzheimer's Disease
Tsantzali I, Athanasaki A, Boufidou F, Constantinides VC, Stefanou MI, Moschovos C, Zompola C, Paraskevas SG et al.. Biomedicines, 2024-12-20
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Background : Alzheimer's disease (AD) may present with pure (typical or atypical) and mixed phenotypes, sometimes causing difficulties in (differential) diagnosis. In order to achieve a diagnostic accuracy as high as possible, the diagnosis of AD during life depends on various biomarkers, including the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. Methods : Classical CSF AD biomarkers were determined in a total of 61 patients, classified as both beta amyloid- and tau-positive A + T + (or A + T 1 + according to the recently revised Alzheimer Association criteria for diagnosis and staging of AD).
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APA 7th
Tsantzali, I., Athanasaki, A., Boufidou, F., Constantinides, V. C., Stefanou, M. I., Moschovos, C., et al. (2024). Cerebrospinal Fluid Classical Biomarker Levels in Mixed vs. Pure A+T+ (A+T1+) Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122904
Vancouver
Tsantzali I, Athanasaki A, Boufidou F, Constantinides VC, Stefanou MI, Moschovos C, et al. Cerebrospinal Fluid Classical Biomarker Levels in Mixed vs. Pure A+T+ (A+T1+) Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines. 2024. doi:10.3390/biomedicines12122904. PMID: 39767810.
BibTeX
@article{tsantzali2024-39767810,
author = {Tsantzali, I. and Athanasaki, A. and Boufidou, F. and Constantinides, V. C. and Stefanou, M. I. and Moschovos, C. and Zompola, C. and Paraskevas, S. G. and others},
title = {{Cerebrospinal Fluid Classical Biomarker Levels in Mixed vs. Pure A+T+ (A+T1+) Alzheimer's Disease}},
journal = {Biomedicines},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines12122904},
pmid = {39767810},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122904}
}
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Key findings
- In order to achieve a diagnostic accuracy as high as possible, the diagnosis of AD during life depends on various biomarkers, including the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers.
- Methods : Classical CSF AD biomarkers were determined in a total of 61 patients, classified as both beta amyloid- and tau-positive A + T + (or A + T 1 + according to the recently revised Alzheimer Association criteria for diagnosis and staging of AD).
- Twenty one of these patients fulfilled the criteria for mixed AD (mixed with Lewy bodies, cerebrovascular disease, or normal pressure hydrocephalus), whilst 40 had pure AD.
- Results: Patients did not differ with respect to gender, education, disease duration, and cognitive status.
Why it matters
This study compared classical cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with mixed versus pure amyloid- and tau-positive Alzheimer's disease to help with diagnosis. It is a diagnostic comparison and does not report any treatment, cure, or prevention.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Blood tests & biomarkers →
Study details
- Participants61
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 41/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Biomedicines) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Biomedicines: journal h-index 133 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 1 / 4 | 61 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 4 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 1.0 citations a year over 4 year(s) since 2024 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 4 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author George P. Paraskevas: h-index 36 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | National and Kapodistrian University of Athens: institution h-index 859 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39767810) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 41 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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