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The impact of type 2 diabetes on aging: multidimensional approaches to preserve cognitive health
Lucia S, Fornaro S, Federici M, Rumiati RI.. Acta diabetologica, 2025-09-02
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among older adults represents a major public health concern, given its association with accelerated cognitive decline and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Several diabetes-related mechanisms, including chronic hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and insulin resistance in the brain, negatively impact key cognitive domains, including memory and executive functions. These neuropathophysiological alterations are also linked to structural brain changes, contributing to vulnerability to dementia. This narrative review examines both established and emerging strategies aimed at counteracting the cognitive impact of T2D in aging populations. Traditional interventions, especially structured physical activity programs, have consistently demonstrated benefits for global cognitive functioning. In parallel, new pharmacological treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide), not only improve glycemic control but may also exert neuroprotective effects. Multidomain approaches integrating metabolic management, nutritional optimization, physical exercise, and social engagement, such as those tested in the J-MIND-Diabetes study, have yielded promising outcomes in preserving cognitive functions. We argue that combining pharmacological and behavioral strategies holds significant potential for supporting cognitive health in elderly individuals with T2D. Such multimodal interventions may enhance resilience to cognitive decline, improve quality of life, and promote healthy brain aging in this at-risk population.
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APA 7th
Lucia, S., Fornaro, S., Federici, M., & Rumiati, R. I. (2025). The impact of type 2 diabetes on aging: multidimensional approaches to preserve cognitive health. Acta diabetologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-025-02583-3
Vancouver
Lucia S, Fornaro S, Federici M, Rumiati RI. The impact of type 2 diabetes on aging: multidimensional approaches to preserve cognitive health. Acta diabetologica. 2025. doi:10.1007/s00592-025-02583-3. PMID: 40892247.
BibTeX
@article{lucia2025-40892247,
author = {Lucia, S. and Fornaro, S. and Federici, M. and Rumiati, R. I.},
title = {{The impact of type 2 diabetes on aging: multidimensional approaches to preserve cognitive health}},
journal = {Acta diabetologica},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1007/s00592-025-02583-3},
pmid = {40892247},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-025-02583-3}
}
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Key findings
- The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among older adults represents a major public health concern, given its association with accelerated cognitive decline and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
- Traditional interventions, especially structured physical activity programs, have consistently demonstrated benefits for global cognitive functioning.
- We argue that combining pharmacological and behavioral strategies holds significant potential for supporting cognitive health in elderly individuals with T2D.
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Study details
- Study designnarrative review
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 45/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 26 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 45 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Acta diabetologica) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | Design recorded as “narrative review”, which our rubric does not rank (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40892247) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 26 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 26 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 45 out of 100. |
| Total | 45 / 100 | — |
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