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The Impact of Exercise Training on the Brain and Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes, and its Physiological Mediators: A Systematic Review
Vandersmissen J, Dewachter I, Cuypers K, Hansen D.. Sports medicine - open, 2025-04-24
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Background Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affects brain structure and function, and is associated with an increased risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Results For the systematic part of the review, 22 papers were found to be eligible. 18 out of 22 papers (81.8%) showed a significant positive effect of exercise training on cognition in T2DM, of which two studies only showed significant improvements in the minority of the cognitive tests. Four papers (18.2%) could not find a significant effect of exercise on cognition in T2DM. Conclusion Overall, exercise training beneficially affects cognition and brain structure and function in T2DM, with resistance and endurance exercise having similar effects.
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APA 7th
Vandersmissen, J., Dewachter, I., Cuypers, K., & Hansen, D. (2025). The Impact of Exercise Training on the Brain and Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes, and its Physiological Mediators: A Systematic Review. Sports medicine - open. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00836-7
Vancouver
Vandersmissen J, Dewachter I, Cuypers K, Hansen D. The Impact of Exercise Training on the Brain and Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes, and its Physiological Mediators: A Systematic Review. Sports medicine - open. 2025. doi:10.1186/s40798-025-00836-7. PMID: 40274715.
BibTeX
@article{vandersmissen2025-40274715,
author = {Vandersmissen, J. and Dewachter, I. and Cuypers, K. and Hansen, D.},
title = {{The Impact of Exercise Training on the Brain and Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes, and its Physiological Mediators: A Systematic Review}},
journal = {Sports medicine - open},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1186/s40798-025-00836-7},
pmid = {40274715},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00836-7}
}
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Key findings
- Background Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affects brain structure and function, and is associated with an increased risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment.
- Results For the systematic part of the review, 22 papers were found to be eligible. 18 out of 22 papers (81.8%) showed a significant positive effect of exercise training on cognition in T2DM, of which two studies only showed significant improvements in the minority of the cognitive tests.
- Four papers (18.2%) could not find a significant effect of exercise on cognition in T2DM.
- Conclusion Overall, exercise training beneficially affects cognition and brain structure and function in T2DM, with resistance and endurance exercise having similar effects.
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Study details
- Effect size81.8%; 18.2%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 69/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a systematic review of all the studies on the question. Scored zero for sample size and studied in people because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 40 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 69 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Sports medicine - open) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A systematic review of all the studies on the question (from PubMed type “Systematic Review”) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomization is not credited here |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40274715) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 40 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 40 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 69 out of 100. |
| Total | 69 / 100 | — |
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