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Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning: Results of the Minority Aging Research Study
Lamar M, Lerner AJ, James BD, Yu L, Glover CM, Wilson RS, Barnes LL.. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2020-08-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Objective Investigate associations of early-life residence and school segregation with cognitive change in the Minority Aging Research Study. Methods Four hundred ninety-eight blacks (age ~ 73.5; 75% = women) without dementia at baseline self-reported State of birth, residence at age 12, and school segregation status. Census Bureau definitions of South and Northeast/Midwest were used to categorize early-life residence. We evaluated global cognition and five cognitive domains at baseline and annually for ~7.5 years. Linear mixed effects models examined the associations of region of birth and residence at age 12 with baseline level and longitudinal change in cognition. Additional models examined school segregation experience. Results ~65% of Southern-born participants still lived in the South at age 12. Southern birth was associated with lower baseline global cognition and all cognitive domains (p-values ≤ .02) compared to Northern birth, but not cognitive change. A similar profile was seen for Southern residence at age 12. Segregation experience significantly modified associations of residence at age 12 on levels of cognition. Participants residing in the South attending a legally desegregated school demonstrated lower baseline levels of cognition (global, semantic, and working memory) than their Northeast/Midwest counterparts attending a legally desegregated or segregated school as well as their Southern counterparts attending a legally segregated school. This profile for participants attending a desegregated school in the South held for processing speed and visuospatial ability in comparisons to Northeast/Midwest counterparts, particularly those attending a legally desegregated school. Conclusion Baseline cognition was poorer in individuals born and residing in the South, particularly those attending desegregated schools at age 12.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Lamar, M., Lerner, A. J., James, B. D., Yu, L., Glover, C. M., Wilson, R. S., et al. (2020). Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning: Results of the Minority Aging Research Study. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz031
Vancouver
Lamar M, Lerner AJ, James BD, Yu L, Glover CM, Wilson RS, et al. Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning: Results of the Minority Aging Research Study. The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. 2020. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz031. PMID: 30882155.
BibTeX
@article{lamar2020-30882155,
author = {Lamar, M. and Lerner, A. J. and James, B. D. and Yu, L. and Glover, C. M. and Wilson, R. S. and Barnes, L. L.},
title = {{Relationship of Early-Life Residence and Educational Experience to Level and Change in Cognitive Functioning: Results of the Minority Aging Research Study}},
journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbz031},
pmid = {30882155},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz031}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Results ~65% of Southern-born participants still lived in the South at age 12.
- Southern birth was associated with lower baseline global cognition and all cognitive domains (p-values ≤ .02) compared to Northern birth, but not cognitive change.
- Segregation experience significantly modified associations of residence at age 12 on levels of cognition.
- Participants residing in the South attending a legally desegregated school demonstrated lower baseline levels of cognition (global, semantic, and working memory) than their Northeast/Midwest counterparts attending a legally desegregated or segregated school as well as their Southern counterparts attending a legally segregated school.
Why it matters
This study found that Southern birth was associated with lower baseline global cognition and all cognitive domains compared to Northern birth, but not with cognitive change over time, in older Black adults without dementia. It examines early-life factors and cognitive levels, not any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 52/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | The Journals of Gerontology Series B: journal h-index 225 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 2 / 5 | 2020 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 71 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 8.9 citations a year over 8 year(s) since 2020 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 3.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 9 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 39 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Lisa Laverne Barnes: h-index 95 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Case Western Reserve University: institution h-index 1,159 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 30882155) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 52 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbz031
- PubMed: 30882155
- Original source →
- Free full text: The Journals of Gerontology Series B →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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