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Pseudo-dementia caused by metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency
Denis Čerimagić. Psychiatria Danubina, 2025-09
Topic: Gut, metabolism and diet
Metformin is the most widely used oral insulin-sensitizing agent. There is a significant association between long-term metformin therapy and an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the causes of pseudo-dementia. This paper presents a rare case of pseudo-dementia in a 60-year-old Caucasian woman caused by vitamin B12 deficiency induced by the use of metformin, a vegetarian diet, and smoking. In diabetics with cognitive disorders who are on biguanide therapy, it is necessary to determine the level of vitamin B12 in the serum in order to rule out possible pseudo-dementia and to avoid possible hematological and neurological disorders. Unfortunately, vitamin B12 deficiency remains frequently unrecognized in those patients.
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APA 7th
Čerimagić, D. (2025). Pseudo-dementia caused by metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency. Psychiatria Danubina. https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2025.370
Vancouver
Čerimagić D. Pseudo-dementia caused by metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency. Psychiatria Danubina. 2025. doi:10.24869/psyd.2025.370. PMID: 41564203.
BibTeX
@article{cerimagic2025-41564203,
author = {Čerimagić, Denis},
title = {{Pseudo-dementia caused by metformin-induced vitamin B12 deficiency}},
journal = {Psychiatria Danubina},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.24869/psyd.2025.370},
pmid = {41564203},
url = {https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2025.370}
}
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Key findings
- There is a significant association between long-term metformin therapy and an increased prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 48/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multicenter collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 27 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 48 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Psychiatria Danubina) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (pubmed indexes it as a clinical or observational study) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41564203) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 27 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 27 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 48 out of 100. |
| Total | 48 / 100 | — |
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