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Metformin and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review with Respect to Time Related Biases
Jiahui Dai, Kayleen Deanna Ports, Maria M Corrada, Andrew O Odegaard, Joan O'Connell, Luohua Jiang. Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports, 2022-08-03
Topic: Drug trials: efficacy and safety
Seventeen studies were identified: thirteen cohort studies, two case-control studies, and two nested case-control studies. Eleven (64.7%) studies reported a reduced risk of dementia associated with metformin use; two (11.8%) suggested metformin increased dementia risk, while four (23.5%) concluded no significant associations. Eight (61.5%) of thirteen cohort studies had immortal time bias or did not clearly address it. Fifteen (88.2%) of seventeen reviewed studies had time-lag bias or did not clearly address it. Two (50.0%) of four case-control studies did not explicitly address time-window bias. The studies that addressed most biases concluded no associations between metformin and dementia risk. None of the reviewed studies clearly addressed relevant time-related biases, illustrating time-related biases are common in observational studies investigating the impact of anti-diabetic medications on dementia risk.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Dai, J., Ports, K. D., Corrada, M. M., Odegaard, A. O., O'Connell, J., & Jiang, L. (2022). Metformin and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review with Respect to Time Related Biases. Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports. https://doi.org/10.3233/adr-220002
Vancouver
Dai J, Ports KD, Corrada MM, Odegaard AO, O'Connell J, Jiang L. Metformin and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review with Respect to Time Related Biases. Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports. 2022. doi:10.3233/adr-220002. PMID: 36186728.
BibTeX
@article{dai2022-36186728,
author = {Dai, Jiahui and Ports, Kayleen Deanna and Corrada, Maria M and Odegaard, Andrew O and O'Connell, Joan and Jiang, Luohua},
title = {{Metformin and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review with Respect to Time Related Biases}},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.3233/adr-220002},
pmid = {36186728},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3233/adr-220002}
}
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Key findings
- Seventeen studies were identified: thirteen cohort studies, two case-control studies, and two nested case-control studies.
- Eleven (64.7%) studies reported a reduced risk of dementia associated with metformin use; two (11.8%) suggested metformin increased dementia risk, while four (23.5%) concluded no significant associations.
- Eight (61.5%) of thirteen cohort studies had immortal time bias or did not clearly address it.
- Fifteen (88.2%) of seventeen reviewed studies had time-lag bias or did not clearly address it.
- Two (50.0%) of four case-control studies did not explicitly address time-window bias.
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Study details
- Study designsystematic review
- Effect size64.7%; 11.8%; 23.5%
- Evidence strengthHigh
How this study scored 73/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a systematic review of all the studies on the question. Scored zero for sample size and studied in people because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multicenter collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 41 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 73 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 12 / 12 | A systematic review of all the studies on the question |
| Strength of evidence | 5 / 5 | Rated “high” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | A review of other studies — randomization is not credited here |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 36186728) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 41 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 41 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 73 out of 100. |
| Total | 73 / 100 | — |
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