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Primary Progressive Aphasias and Apraxia of Speech
Botha H, Josephs KA.. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.), 2019-02-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Purpose of review This article reviews two of the primary progressive aphasias (PPAs), disorders characterized by the early and predominant impairment of language, and primary progressive apraxia of speech, a degenerative motor speech disorder that is closely related to PPA. An outline of the history and controversy surrounding how these disorders are classified is provided before the article focuses on each disorder's clinical and imaging features. Recent findings Over the past decade, the classification of degenerative speech and language disorders has been refined. Clinical, imaging, and pathologic evidence suggests that primary progressive apraxia of speech is a distinct degenerative disorder. Furthermore, multiple lines of evidence have highlighted issues with nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA, which complicates the diagnosis, prognosis, and study of this disorder. Semantic variant PPA, while not without controversy, remains one of the most well-defined disorders, with good clinicopathologic correlation. Summary Accurate classification and diagnosis of these degenerative speech and language disorders is crucial in clinical practice and ongoing research efforts. For nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA, the authors suggest emphasizing agrammatism as the core inclusion criterion and taking care not to include patients with isolated or predominant apraxia of speech. Isolated apraxia of speech can be the manifestation of a degenerative disease and, based on the different prognosis, should be recognized as distinct from PPA. Finally, it is important to recognize that some patients with semantic dementia, despite sharing the same pathologic associations, may not meet criteria for PPA.
Key findings
- Clinical, imaging, and pathologic evidence suggests that primary progressive apraxia of speech is a distinct degenerative disorder.
Why it matters
This review describes primary progressive aphasias and primary progressive apraxia of speech, noting evidence that primary progressive apraxia of speech is a distinct degenerative disorder. It suggests emphasizing agrammatism as the core inclusion criterion for nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia and not including patients with isolated or predominant apraxia of speech.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 45/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record and institution's track record, so those were left out: it earned 42 of the 93 points we could judge it on, which is 45 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 2 / 5 | 2019 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (pubmed indexes it as a clinical or observational study) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 90 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 10.0 citations a year over 9 year(s) since 2019 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 6.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 2 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 40 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Keith A. Josephs: h-index 119 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 0 institution(s) in 0 countries — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 30707189) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 42 / 93 | Scored on 18 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 42 of the 93 points we could judge it on is 45 out of 100. |
| Total | 45 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000000699
- PubMed: 30707189
- Original source →
- Free full text: PubMed Central →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Botha, H., & Josephs, K. A. (2019). Primary Progressive Aphasias and Apraxia of Speech. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.). https://doi.org/10.1212/con.0000000000000699
Vancouver
Botha H, Josephs KA. Primary Progressive Aphasias and Apraxia of Speech. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.). 2019. doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000699. PMID: 30707189.
BibTeX
@article{botha2019-30707189,
author = {Botha, H. and Josephs, K. A.},
title = {{Primary Progressive Aphasias and Apraxia of Speech}},
journal = {Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.1212/con.0000000000000699},
pmid = {30707189},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/con.0000000000000699}
}
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