Plasma ApoE proteotyping for ApoE ε4 stratification in the anti-amyloid therapies era
Federico Coraglia, Giordano Cecchetti, Giulia Rugarli, Edoardo G Spinelli, Alma Ghirelli, Stefano Pisano, Elisa Canu, Massimo Filippi et al.. Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2026-05-21
Topic: Genetics and APOE
The ratio showed excellent separation across genotypes in our cohort. For ε4 carrier identification, both the ratio and ApoE4 achieved an AUC of 1.00 (95% CI 1.00-1.00), whereas PanApoE showed poor discrimination (AUC 0.30, 95% CI 0.20-0.40), reflecting lower PanApoE levels in ε4 carriers. The ratio also accurately distinguished heterozygotes from homozygotes (AUC 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00). Automated plasma ApoE proteotyping mirrored genetic ε4 status. The ApoE ratio provided complete genotype separation, supporting its use for individual-level stratification. These findings should be interpreted cautiously considering the retrospective single-center design and the limited number of ApoE ε4 homozygotes, and require validation in larger, independent cohorts.
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APA 7th
Coraglia, F., Cecchetti, G., Rugarli, G., Spinelli, E. G., Ghirelli, A., Pisano, S., et al. (2026). Plasma ApoE proteotyping for ApoE ε4 stratification in the anti-amyloid therapies era. Alzheimer's research & therapy. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02089-2
Vancouver
Coraglia F, Cecchetti G, Rugarli G, Spinelli EG, Ghirelli A, Pisano S, et al. Plasma ApoE proteotyping for ApoE ε4 stratification in the anti-amyloid therapies era. Alzheimer's research & therapy. 2026. doi:10.1186/s13195-026-02089-2. PMID: 42169086.
BibTeX
@article{coraglia2026-42169086,
author = {Coraglia, Federico and Cecchetti, Giordano and Rugarli, Giulia and Spinelli, Edoardo G and Ghirelli, Alma and Pisano, Stefano and Canu, Elisa and Filippi, Massimo and others},
title = {{Plasma ApoE proteotyping for ApoE ε4 stratification in the anti-amyloid therapies era}},
journal = {Alzheimer's research \& therapy},
year = {2026},
doi = {10.1186/s13195-026-02089-2},
pmid = {42169086},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02089-2}
}
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Key findings
- The ratio showed excellent separation across genotypes in our cohort.
- For ε4 carrier identification, both the ratio and ApoE4 achieved an AUC of 1.00 (95% CI 1.00-1.00), whereas PanApoE showed poor discrimination (AUC 0.30, 95% CI 0.20-0.40), reflecting lower PanApoE levels in ε4 carriers.
- The ratio also accurately distinguished heterozygotes from homozygotes (AUC 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00).
- Automated plasma ApoE proteotyping mirrored genetic ε4 status.
- The ApoE ratio provided complete genotype separation, supporting its use for individual-level stratification.
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Study details
- Participants110
- Effect size49.1%; 51.8%; 40.0%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 61/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 34 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 61 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer's research & therapy) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 5 / 5 | 2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 110 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 42169086) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 34 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 34 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 61 out of 100. |
| Total | 61 / 100 | — |
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