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43/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 43 out of 100. Inflammation and the immune system

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Brain diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression, schizophrenia, autism, and addiction lead to reduced quality of daily life through abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotional states, and behavior. While the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, human and animal studies have supported a role of neuroinflammation in the etiology of these diseases. In the central nervous system, an increased inflammatory response is capable of activating microglial cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Hong, H., Kim, B. S., & Im, H. I. (2016). Pathophysiological Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders. International neurourology journal. https://doi.org/10.5213/inj.1632604.302

Vancouver

Hong H, Kim BS, Im HI. Pathophysiological Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders. International neurourology journal. 2016. doi:10.5213/inj.1632604.302. PMID: 27230456.

BibTeX

@article{hong2016-27230456,
  author  = {Hong, H. and Kim, B. S. and Im, H. I.},
  title   = {{Pathophysiological Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders}},
  journal = {International neurourology journal},
  year    = {2016},
  doi     = {10.5213/inj.1632604.302},
  pmid    = {27230456},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.5213/inj.1632604.302}
}

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Key findings

While the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, human and animal studies have supported a role of neuroinflammation in the etiology of these diseases.
In the central nervous system, an increased inflammatory response is capable of activating microglial cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.
In turn, the pro-inflammatory cytokines aggravate and propagate neuroinflammation, degenerating healthy neurons and impairing brain functions.
Therefore, activated microglia may play a key role in neuroinflammatory processes contributing to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and neurodegeneration.

Why it matters

This review discusses the role of neuroinflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders, noting that the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. It does not report a specific treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.

Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 43/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (International neurourology journal)
Journal's citation record	0 / 4	International Neurourology Journal: journal h-index 48 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2016 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	5 / 7	Cited 258 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	4 / 5	21.5 citations a year over 12 year(s) since 2016
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 14.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	3 / 4	Cited 63 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Heh‐In Im: h-index 22 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	0 / 3	Korea Institute of Science and Technology: institution h-index 445 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 27230456)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	43 / 100	—

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