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53/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Mild cognitive impairment

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Objective To evaluate the association between baseline olfaction and both cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive assessments, motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms (NMS), and CSF biomarkers in early Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Parkinson's Progression Marker's Initiative (PPMI) participants underwent baseline olfactory testing with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Serial assessments included measures of motor symptoms, NMS, neuropsychological assessment, and CSF biomarkers. Up to three years follow-up data were included. Results At baseline, worse olfaction (lowest tertile) was associated with more severe NMS, including anxiety and autonomic symptoms. Those in the lowest olfactory tertile were more likely to report cognitive impairment (37.4%) compared to those in the middle (24.4%) and highest olfactory tertiles (14.2%, p Conclusions Worse baseline olfaction is associated with long-term cognitive decline. The addition of AD CSF biomarkers to olfactory testing may increase the likelihood of identifying those at highest risk for cognitive decline and progression to MCI.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Fullard, M. E., Tran, B., Xie, S. X., Toledo, J. B., Scordia, C., Linder, C., et al. (2016). Olfactory impairment predicts cognitive decline in early Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.02.013

Vancouver

Fullard ME, Tran B, Xie SX, Toledo JB, Scordia C, Linder C, et al. Olfactory impairment predicts cognitive decline in early Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2016. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.02.013. PMID: 26923521.

BibTeX

@article{fullard2016-26923521,
  author  = {Fullard, M. E. and Tran, B. and Xie, S. X. and Toledo, J. B. and Scordia, C. and Linder, C. and Purri, R. and Weintraub, D. and others},
  title   = {{Olfactory impairment predicts cognitive decline in early Parkinson's disease}},
  journal = {Parkinsonism \& related disorders},
  year    = {2016},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.02.013},
  pmid    = {26923521},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.02.013}
}

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Key findings

Results At baseline, worse olfaction (lowest tertile) was associated with more severe NMS, including anxiety and autonomic symptoms.
Those in the lowest olfactory tertile were more likely to report cognitive impairment (37.4%) compared to those in the middle (24.4%) and highest olfactory tertiles (14.2%, p Conclusions Worse baseline olfaction is associated with long-term cognitive decline.

Why it matters

In people with early Parkinson's disease, worse baseline sense of smell was associated with long-term cognitive decline and progression to mild cognitive impairment. This concerns Parkinson's disease and does not test any treatment.

Study details

Study designcross-sectional
Effect size37.4%; 24.4%; 14.2%
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 53/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for sample size and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Parkinsonism & related disorders)
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	Parkinsonism & Related Disorders: journal h-index 155 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	4 / 12	A snapshot of people at one point in time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2016 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	2 / 3	Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (pubmed indexes it as a clinical or observational study)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	5 / 7	Cited 120 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	10.0 citations a year over 12 year(s) since 2016
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 9.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 23 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author James F. Morley: h-index 30 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	2 / 3	University of Pennsylvania: institution h-index 1,859 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 26923521)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total	53 / 100	—

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