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Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of synaptic dysfunction in hip fracture patients with delirium: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Mathias Nikolai Petersen Hella, Nathalie Bodd Halaas, Hogne Soennesyn, Anne Katrine Bergland, Hanne Brit Hetland, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Audun Osland Vik‐Mo et al.. BMJ Open, 2025-11-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
180 patients (46 %) developed delirium and 70% of these had dementia. CSF Ng concentration did not differ significantly between those with and without delirium (176 pg/mL vs 164 pg/mL), with an estimated difference in medians of 12 (95% CI -5.8 to 29.8), p=0.185. Analyses adjusted for age, gender and dementia status did not show a statistically significant difference in Ng concentrations between the patients. We did not find an association between delirium and CSF concentrations of Ng. This could imply that synaptic dysfunction and degeneration, involving Ng, are not key processes in the development of delirium. Further studies on other synaptic proteins are warranted to better explore synaptic dysfunction's potential role in the pathophysiology of delirium.
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APA 7th
Hella, M. N. P., Halaas, N. B., Soennesyn, H., Bergland, A. K., Hetland, H. B., Blennow, K., et al. (2025). Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of synaptic dysfunction in hip fracture patients with delirium: a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-097579
Vancouver
Hella MNP, Halaas NB, Soennesyn H, Bergland AK, Hetland HB, Blennow K, et al. Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of synaptic dysfunction in hip fracture patients with delirium: a multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2025. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-097579. PMID: 41218946.
BibTeX
@article{hella2025-41218946,
author = {Hella, Mathias Nikolai Petersen and Halaas, Nathalie Bodd and Soennesyn, Hogne and Bergland, Anne Katrine and Hetland, Hanne Brit and Blennow, Kaj and Zetterberg, Henrik and Vik‐Mo, Audun Osland and others},
title = {{Neurogranin in cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of synaptic dysfunction in hip fracture patients with delirium: a multicentre cross-sectional study}},
journal = {BMJ Open},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2024-097579},
pmid = {41218946},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-097579}
}
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Key findings
- 180 patients (46 %) developed delirium and 70% of these had dementia.
- CSF Ng concentration did not differ significantly between those with and without delirium (176 pg/mL vs 164 pg/mL), with an estimated difference in medians of 12 (95% CI -5.8 to 29.8), p=0.185.
- Analyses adjusted for age, gender and dementia status did not show a statistically significant difference in Ng concentrations between the patients.
- We did not find an association between delirium and CSF concentrations of Ng.
- This could imply that synaptic dysfunction and degeneration, involving Ng, are not key processes in the development of delirium.
Why it matters
In this multicentre cross-sectional study of hip fracture patients, cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin concentrations did not differ significantly between those with and without delirium. The authors conclude that synaptic dysfunction involving neurogranin may not be a key process in delirium, and the study concerns delirium rather than Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Study details
- Study designcross-sectional
- Participants392
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 44/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (BMJ Open) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | BMJ Open: journal h-index 240 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 4 / 12 | A snapshot of people at one point in time |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 392 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 0 / 7 | Cited 0 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 0 / 6 | Cited 0.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 0 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Leiv Otto Watne: h-index 34 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University College London: institution h-index 2,029 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 3 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 17 institution(s) in 6 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41218946) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 44 / 100 | — |
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Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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