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Longitudinal analysis of the association between depressive symptomatology and cognitive deterioration
Dufouil C, Fuhrer R, Dartigues JF, Alpérovitch A.. American journal of epidemiology, 1996-10-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Although many studies have found a cross-sectional relation between depression and dementia or depressive symptomatology and cognitive functioning, the direction of the association is still unknown. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether high depressive symptomatology is predictive of cognitive deterioration among the elderly 3 years later. Data came from a community-based prospective cohort study of noninstitutionalized and nondemented subjects aged 65 years and over living in the Gironde department in southwest France (1,600 subjects were interviewed at both study entry in 1989 and 3-year follow-up).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Dufouil, C., Fuhrer, R., Dartigues, J. F., & Alpérovitch, A. (1996). Longitudinal analysis of the association between depressive symptomatology and cognitive deterioration. American journal of epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008974
Vancouver
Dufouil C, Fuhrer R, Dartigues JF, Alpérovitch A. Longitudinal analysis of the association between depressive symptomatology and cognitive deterioration. American journal of epidemiology. 1996. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008974. PMID: 8823058.
BibTeX
@article{dufouil1996-8823058,
author = {Dufouil, C. and Fuhrer, R. and Dartigues, J. F. and Alpérovitch, A.},
title = {{Longitudinal analysis of the association between depressive symptomatology and cognitive deterioration}},
journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
year = {1996},
doi = {10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008974},
pmid = {8823058},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008974}
}
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Key findings
- The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether high depressive symptomatology is predictive of cognitive deterioration among the elderly 3 years later.
- Data came from a community-based prospective cohort study of noninstitutionalized and nondemented subjects aged 65 years and over living in the Gironde department in southwest France (1,600 subjects were interviewed at both study entry in 1989 and 3-year follow-up).
- Cognitive functions were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and cognitive deterioration was defined as an MMSE score decrease of at least five points between two assessments.
- The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to evaluate the level of depressive symptomatology.
Why it matters
This community-based cohort study followed 1600 nondemented people aged 65 and over for 3 years to see whether high depressive symptoms predicted later cognitive deterioration. It examines a possible risk factor or early sign and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Participants1,600
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 58/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (American journal of epidemiology) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | American Journal of Epidemiology: journal h-index 416 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1996 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 1,600 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 181 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 5.7 citations a year over 32 year(s) since 1996 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 5.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 11 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 5 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Annick Alpérovitch: h-index 79 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Inserm: institution h-index 1,988 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 8823058) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 58 / 100 | — |
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