Get help now — free helplines

You can call any of these for free. You do not need a diagnosis, an appointment, or a crisis to call — questions and plain exhaustion are reasons enough.

  • Alzheimer's Association 24/7 Helpline 800-272-3900 24 hours a day, 365 days a year Free, confidential support and information for people with dementia, caregivers, families and the public. Master's-level clinicians. Also Spanish.
  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline 988 24/7 Call or text 988, or chat at 988lifeline.org. For anyone in emotional distress or a mental-health crisis, including caregivers.
  • Alzheimer's Foundation of America (AFA) Helpline 866-232-8484 9:00 am - 9:00 pm ET, seven days a week Licensed social workers providing support, info and referrals. Also text message and web chat. Text: 646-586-5283

In a medical emergency, call 911. More numbers, and what each line does, on the help page.

This page is alzhub.org's plain-English summary of a published study, not the paper itself. It is generated from the record we hold for this study, sourced and linked below — check the original for the full text and methods.

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 37 out of 100. TREM2 and immune genetics

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by progressive presenile dementia and formation of multifocal bone cysts, caused by genetic mutations of DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12) or triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). TREM2 and DAP12 constitute a receptor/adapter signaling complex expressed on osteoclasts, dendritic cells (DC), macrophages and microglia. Previous studies using knockout mice and mouse brain cell cultures suggest that a loss-of-function of DAP12/TREM2 in microglia plays a central role in the neuropathological manifestation of NHD.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Satoh, J., Tabunoki, H., Ishida, T., Yagishita, S., Jinnai, K., Futamura, N., et al. (2011). Immunohistochemical characterization of microglia in Nasu-Hakola disease brains. Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01174.x

Vancouver

Satoh J, Tabunoki H, Ishida T, Yagishita S, Jinnai K, Futamura N, et al. Immunohistochemical characterization of microglia in Nasu-Hakola disease brains. Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology. 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01174.x. PMID: 21118401.

BibTeX

@article{satoh2011-21118401,
  author  = {Satoh, J. and Tabunoki, H. and Ishida, T. and Yagishita, S. and Jinnai, K. and Futamura, N. and Kobayashi, M. and Toyoshima, I. and others},
  title   = {{Immunohistochemical characterization of microglia in Nasu-Hakola disease brains}},
  journal = {Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology},
  year    = {2011},
  doi     = {10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01174.x},
  pmid    = {21118401},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01174.x}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

Key findings

Why it matters

This immunohistochemical study examined microglia in brains from people with Nasu-Hakola disease, a rare disorder caused by DAP12 or TREM2 mutations. It describes disease pathology in a rare condition and does not establish a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.

Study details

How this study scored 37/100
How this study's score is builtJournal tier 7 of 10; Journal's citation record 1 of 4; Study design 0 of 12; Strength of evidence 1 of 5; Peer-review validation 10 of 10; How recent 1 of 5; Sample size 0 of 4; Effect reported 0 of 3; Studied in people 0 of 3; Randomized / blinded 0 of 2; Times cited 4 of 7; Citations per year 2 of 5; Impact for its field and year 2 of 6; Cited by studies here 2 of 6; Still being cited 1 of 4; Senior author's track record 2 of 4; Institution's track record 0 of 3; Multicenter collaboration 2 of 3; Indexed in PubMed 2 of 2; Free to read 0 of 2. Total 37 of 100.37 of 100 points earned63 not earned

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

ComponentPointsWhy
Journal tier 7 / 10 Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology)
Journal's citation record 1 / 4 Neuropathology: journal h-index 83 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design 0 / 12 No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence 1 / 5 Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation 10 / 10 Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent 1 / 5 2011 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size 0 / 4 Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported 0 / 3 No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people 0 / 3 Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded 0 / 2 No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited 4 / 7 Cited 66 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year 2 / 5 3.9 citations a year over 17 year(s) since 2011
Impact for its field and year 2 / 6 Cited 2.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here 2 / 6 Cited by 7 other studies in this library
Still being cited 1 / 4 Cited 6 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record 2 / 4 Last-listed author Kunimasa Arima: h-index 46 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record 0 / 3 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry: institution h-index 356 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration 2 / 3 OpenAlex lists 8 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed 2 / 2 Indexed in PubMed (PMID 21118401)
Free to read 0 / 2 Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total 37 / 100 —

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

May need a subscription OpenAlex found no free copy of the full text (checked 6 Feb 1020), so the publisher may charge for it. The PubMed abstract is free.

Studies in the library that share something with this one. The line above each title says what.

Studies this one cites

Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here. Showing 12 of 14.

Later studies that cite this one

7 studies in the alzhub library list this one in their references.

Related studies in TREM2 and immune genetics

Also tagged “small”

900 studies in the library carry the topic tag “small”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 900 tagged studies.

Studies sharing this one's topic tags

Similar studies

More on TREM2 and immune genetics

See all studies in TREM2 and immune genetics →