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Differential gene expression in LPS/IFNgamma activated microglia and macrophages: in vitro versus in vivo
Schmid CD, Melchior B, Masek K, Puntambekar SS, Danielson PE, Lo DD, Sutcliffe JG, Carson MJ.. Journal of neurochemistry, 2009-05-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Two different macrophage populations contribute to CNS neuroinflammation: CNS-resident microglia and CNS-infiltrating peripheral macrophages. Markers distinguishing these two populations in tissue sections have not been identified. Therefore, we compared gene expression between LPS (lipopolysaccharide)/interferon (IFN)gamma-treated microglia from neonatal mixed glial cultures and similarly treated peritoneal macrophages.
Key findings
- Markers distinguishing these two populations in tissue sections have not been identified.
- Therefore, we compared gene expression between LPS (lipopolysaccharide)/interferon (IFN)gamma-treated microglia from neonatal mixed glial cultures and similarly treated peritoneal macrophages.
- Fifteen molecules were identified by quantative PCR (qPCR) as being enriched from 2-fold to 250-fold in cultured neonatal microglia when compared with peritoneal macrophages.
- Only three of these molecules (C1qA, Trem2, and CXCL14) were found by qPCR to be also enriched in adult microglia isolated from LPS/IFNgamma-injected CNS when compared with infiltrating peripheral macrophages from the same CNS.
Why it matters
This study compares gene expression in activated microglia and macrophages to find markers that tell the two cell populations apart. It is a laboratory comparison and does not test any Alzheimer's treatment or prevention.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 45/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of neurochemistry) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Journal of Neurochemistry: journal h-index 349 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2009 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Laboratory or animal study (title names “in vitro”) — scores zero |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 153 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 8.1 citations a year over 19 year(s) since 2009 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 7.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 7 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 15 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Monica J. Carson: h-index 42 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Scripps Research Institute: institution h-index 1,076 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19393017) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 45 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05984.x
- PubMed: 19393017
- Original source →
- Free full text: Journal of Neurochemistry →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Schmid, C. D., Melchior, B., Masek, K., Puntambekar, S. S., Danielson, P. E., Lo, D. D., et al. (2009). Differential gene expression in LPS/IFNgamma activated microglia and macrophages: in vitro versus in vivo. Journal of neurochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05984.x
Vancouver
Schmid CD, Melchior B, Masek K, Puntambekar SS, Danielson PE, Lo DD, et al. Differential gene expression in LPS/IFNgamma activated microglia and macrophages: in vitro versus in vivo. Journal of neurochemistry. 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05984.x. PMID: 19393017.
BibTeX
@article{schmid2009-19393017,
author = {Schmid, C. D. and Melchior, B. and Masek, K. and Puntambekar, S. S. and Danielson, P. E. and Lo, D. D. and Sutcliffe, J. G. and Carson, M. J.},
title = {{Differential gene expression in LPS/IFNgamma activated microglia and macrophages: in vitro versus in vivo}},
journal = {Journal of neurochemistry},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05984.x},
pmid = {19393017},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.05984.x}
}
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