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Corticobasal degeneration as a cognitive disorder
Graham NL, Bak TH, Hodges JR.. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2003-11-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
The presence of cognitive impairment in corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is now widely recognised. Our review of the literature reveals that, although the pattern and severity of neuropsychological impairments can be highly variable across patients, several general trends can be identified. The most characteristic impairments are limb apraxia (usually ideomotor), constructional and visuospatial difficulties, acalculia, frontal dysfunction, and nonfluent aphasia. The limb apraxia is associated with deficits in drawing, copying, and handwriting, but there is emerging evidence that the problems with handwriting are not due exclusively to the apraxia. The findings with respect to episodic memory are more variable, but when there is impairment in this area, it tends to be milder than that seen in Alzheimer's disease. Semantic memory functioning appears relatively preserved but has been poorly studied. Problems with speech are common, and may be due to dysarthria or buccofacial apraxia. Aphasia, although initially considered rare, is in fact a common accompaniment of CBD, may be the presenting feature, and is typically nonfluent in type. More systematic investigation of the clinical and neuropathological overlap between progressive nonfluent aphasia (generally considered to be a form of frontotemporal dementia) and CBD is needed.
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APA 7th
Graham, N. L., Bak, T. H., & Hodges, JR. (2003). Corticobasal degeneration as a cognitive disorder. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10536
Vancouver
Graham NL, Bak TH, Hodges JR. Corticobasal degeneration as a cognitive disorder. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society. 2003. doi:10.1002/mds.10536. PMID: 14639661.
BibTeX
@article{graham2003-14639661,
author = {Graham, N. L. and Bak, T. H. and Hodges, JR.},
title = {{Corticobasal degeneration as a cognitive disorder}},
journal = {Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society},
year = {2003},
doi = {10.1002/mds.10536},
pmid = {14639661},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10536}
}
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Key findings
- The limb apraxia is associated with deficits in drawing, copying, and handwriting, but there is emerging evidence that the problems with handwriting are not due exclusively to the apraxia.
Why it matters
This review describes the cognitive features of corticobasal degeneration, including limb apraxia, visuospatial and frontal difficulties, and nonfluent aphasia, and notes that episodic memory problems tend to be milder than in Alzheimer's disease. It calls for more systematic study of the overlap between progressive nonfluent aphasia and corticobasal degeneration, and does not report any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 42/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Movement Disorders: journal h-index 281 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2003 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 155 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 6.2 citations a year over 25 year(s) since 2003 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 5.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 1 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 10 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author John R. Hodges: h-index 99 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University of Cambridge: institution h-index 1,973 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 14639661) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 42 / 100 | — |
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