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Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Imaging of Atherosclerotic Intracranial Disease
Chen LH, Spagnolo-Allende A, Yang D, Qiao Y, Gutierrez J.. Stroke, 2024-01-22
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the most common causes of stroke worldwide. Among people with stroke, those of East Asia descent and non-White populations in the United States have a higher burden of ICAD-related stroke compared with Whites of European descent. Disparities in the prevalence of asymptomatic ICAD are less marked than with symptomatic ICAD. In addition to stroke, ICAD increases the risk of dementia and cognitive decline, magnifying ICAD societal burden. The risk of stroke recurrence among patients with ICAD-related stroke is the highest among those with confirmed stroke and stenosis ≥70%. In fact, the 1-year recurrent stroke rate of >20% among those with stenosis >70% is one of the highest rates among common causes of stroke. The mechanisms by which ICAD causes stroke include plaque rupture with in situ thrombosis and occlusion or artery-to-artery embolization, hemodynamic injury, and branch occlusive disease. The risk of stroke recurrence varies by the presumed underlying mechanism of stroke, but whether techniques such as quantitative magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance perfusion, or transcranial Doppler can help with risk stratification beyond the degree of stenosis is less clear. The diagnosis of ICAD is heavily reliant on lumen-based studies, such as computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, or digital subtraction angiography, but newer technologies, such as high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging, can help distinguish ICAD from stenosing arteriopathies.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Chen, L. H., Spagnolo-Allende, A., Yang, D., Qiao, Y., & Gutierrez, J. (2024). Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Imaging of Atherosclerotic Intracranial Disease. Stroke. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.123.043630
Vancouver
Chen LH, Spagnolo-Allende A, Yang D, Qiao Y, Gutierrez J. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Imaging of Atherosclerotic Intracranial Disease. Stroke. 2024. doi:10.1161/strokeaha.123.043630. PMID: 38252756.
BibTeX
@article{chen2024-38252756,
author = {Chen, L. H. and Spagnolo-Allende, A. and Yang, D. and Qiao, Y. and Gutierrez, J.},
title = {{Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Imaging of Atherosclerotic Intracranial Disease}},
journal = {Stroke},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.1161/strokeaha.123.043630},
pmid = {38252756},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.123.043630}
}
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Key findings
- Among people with stroke, those of East Asia descent and non-White populations in the United States have a higher burden of ICAD-related stroke compared with Whites of European descent.
Why it matters
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease is a common cause of stroke and also increases the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. This review describes the disease and its mechanisms but does not report a treatment or cure for dementia.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 50/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Stroke) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Stroke: journal h-index 455 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 116 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 4 / 5 | 29.0 citations a year over 4 year(s) since 2024 |
| Impact for its field and year | 5 / 6 | Cited 29.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 114 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author José Gutierrez: h-index 37 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Johns Hopkins University: institution h-index 2,306 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 38252756) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 50 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043630
- PubMed: 38252756
- Original source →
- Free full text: PubMed Central →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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