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Dementia resulting from traumatic brain injury: what is the pathology?
Shively S, Scher AI, Perl DP, Diaz-Arrastia R.. Archives of neurology, 2012-10-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the earliest illnesses described in human history and remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in the modern era. It is estimated that 2% of the US population lives with long-term disabilities due to a prior TBI, and incidence and prevalence rates are even higher in developing countries. One of the most feared long-term consequences of TBIs is dementia, as multiple epidemiologic studies show that experiencing a TBI in early or midlife is associated with an increased risk of dementia in late life.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Shively, S., Scher, A. I., Perl, D. P., & Diaz-Arrastia, R. (2012). Dementia resulting from traumatic brain injury: what is the pathology? Archives of neurology. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.3747
Vancouver
Shively S, Scher AI, Perl DP, Diaz-Arrastia R. Dementia resulting from traumatic brain injury: what is the pathology? Archives of neurology. 2012. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.3747. PMID: 22776913.
BibTeX
@article{shively2012-22776913,
author = {Shively, S. and Scher, A. I. and Perl, D. P. and Diaz-Arrastia, R.},
title = {{Dementia resulting from traumatic brain injury: what is the pathology?}},
journal = {Archives of neurology},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1001/archneurol.2011.3747},
pmid = {22776913},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.3747}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- It is estimated that 2% of the US population lives with long-term disabilities due to a prior TBI, and incidence and prevalence rates are even higher in developing countries.
- One of the most feared long-term consequences of TBIs is dementia, as multiple epidemiologic studies show that experiencing a TBI in early or midlife is associated with an increased risk of dementia in late life.
- The best data indicate that moderate and severe TBIs increase risk of dementia between 2- and 4-fold.
- It is less clear whether mild TBIs such as brief concussions result in increased dementia risk, in part because mild head injuries are often not well documented and retrospective studies have recall bias.
Why it matters
This review reports that moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries increase the risk of dementia between 2- and 4-fold, based on epidemiologic studies. It describes a risk association and does not show any treatment, cure or prevention.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 49/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Archives of neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 3 / 4 | Archives of Neurology: journal h-index 353 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2012 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 347 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 4 / 5 | 21.7 citations a year over 16 year(s) since 2012 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 15.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 3 / 6 | Cited by 12 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 3 / 4 | Cited 77 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author Ramon R. Diaz-Arrastia: h-index 105 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences: institution h-index 535 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 22776913) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 49 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.3747
- PubMed: 22776913
- Original source →
- Free full text: PubMed Central →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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