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51/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. TREM2 and immune genetics

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Plain-language summary

Objective To explore changes in CSF sTREM2 concentrations in the evolving course of HIV-1 infection. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we measured concentrations of the macrophage/microglial activation marker sTREM2 in CSF samples from 121 HIV-1-infected adults and 11 HIV-negative controls and examined their correlations with other CSF and blood biomarkers of infection, inflammation, and neuronal injury. Results CSF sTREM2 increased with systemic and CNS HIV-1 disease severity, with the highest levels found in patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD).

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APA 7th

Gisslén, M., Heslegrave, A., Veleva, E., Yilmaz, A., Andersson, L. M., Hagberg, L., et al. (2019). CSF concentrations of soluble TREM2 as a marker of microglial activation in HIV-1 infection. Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000512

Vancouver

Gisslén M, Heslegrave A, Veleva E, Yilmaz A, Andersson LM, Hagberg L, et al. CSF concentrations of soluble TREM2 as a marker of microglial activation in HIV-1 infection. Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation. 2019. doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000512. PMID: 30568991.

BibTeX

@article{gisslen2019-30568991,
  author  = {Gisslén, M. and Heslegrave, A. and Veleva, E. and Yilmaz, A. and Andersson, L. M. and Hagberg, L. and Spudich, S. and Fuchs, D. and others},
  title   = {{CSF concentrations of soluble TREM2 as a marker of microglial activation in HIV-1 infection}},
  journal = {Neurology(R) neuroimmunology \& neuroinflammation},
  year    = {2019},
  doi     = {10.1212/nxi.0000000000000512},
  pmid    = {30568991},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000512}
}

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How to read this study

Design: this is a cross-sectional study. Everyone is measured once, so it cannot show which came first. Read it as a snapshot of how two things go together at one moment.
Size: the record gives no participant count. Look for one in the original before trusting a pattern.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we measured concentrations of the macrophage/microglial activation marker sTREM2 in CSF samples from 121 HIV-1-infected adults and 11 HIV-negative controls and examined their correlations with other CSF and blood biomarkers of infection, inflammation, and neuronal injury.
Results CSF sTREM2 increased with systemic and CNS HIV-1 disease severity, with the highest levels found in patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD).
In untreated HIV-1-infected patients without an HAD diagnosis, levels of CSF sTREM2 increased with decreasing CD4 + T-cell counts.
CSF concentrations of both sTREM2 and the neuronal injury marker neurofilament light protein (NFL) were significantly associated with age.

Why it matters

In a cross-sectional study, CSF sTREM2 levels rose with HIV-1 disease severity and were highest in patients with HIV-associated dementia. It does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.

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Study details

Study designcross-sectional
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 51/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation)
Journal's citation record	1 / 4	Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation: journal h-index 101 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	4 / 12	A snapshot of people at one point in time
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	2 / 5	2019 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	4 / 7	Cited 78 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	8.7 citations a year over 9 year(s) since 2019
Impact for its field and year	3 / 6	Cited 3.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	2 / 6	Cited by 7 other studies in this library
Still being cited	2 / 4	Cited 27 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	4 / 4	Last-listed author Henrik Zetterberg: h-index 196 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	2 / 3	University College London: institution h-index 2,029 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 9 institution(s) in 4 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 30568991)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	51 / 100	—

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