Home › Research › Getting a diagnosis
Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration
Melissa J. Armstrong, Irene Litvan, Anthony E. Lang, Thomas H. Bak, Kailash P. Bhatia, Barbara Borroni, Adam L. Boxer, Dennis W. Dickson, Murray Grossman, Mark Hallett, Keith A. Josephs, ANDREW E. KERTESZ, Suzee E. Lee, Bruce L. Miller, Stephen G. Reich, David E. Riley, EDUARDO S. TOLOSA, Alexander I. Tröster, Marie Vidailhet, William J. Weiner. Neurology, 2013-01-28
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Current criteria for the clinical diagnosis of pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration (CBD) no longer reflect the expanding understanding of this disease and its clinicopathologic correlations. An international consortium of behavioral neurology, neuropsychology, and movement disorders specialists developed new criteria based on consensus and a systematic literature review. Clinical diagnoses (early or late) were identified for 267 nonoverlapping pathologically confirmed CBD cases from published reports and brain banks. Combined with consensus, 4 CBD phenotypes emerged: corticobasal syndrome (CBS), frontal behavioral-spatial syndrome (FBS), nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (naPPA), and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS). Clinical features of CBD cases were extracted from descriptions of 209 brain bank and published patients, providing a comprehensive description of CBD and correcting common misconceptions. Clinical CBD phenotypes and features were combined to create 2 sets of criteria: more specific clinical research criteria for probable CBD and broader criteria for possible CBD that are more inclusive but have a higher chance to detect other tau-based pathologies. Probable CBD criteria require insidious onset and gradual progression for at least 1 year, age at onset ≥50 years, no similar family history or known tau mutations, and a clinical phenotype of probable CBS or either FBS or naPPA with at least 1 CBS feature. The possible CBD category uses similar criteria but has no restrictions on age or family history, allows tau mutations, permits less rigorous phenotype fulfillment, and includes a PSPS phenotype. Future validation and refinement of the proposed criteria are needed. AD= : Alzheimer disease; AOS= : apraxia of speech; CBD= : corticobasal degeneration; CBS= : corticobasal syndrome; CJD= : Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; cr-CBD= : clinical research criteria for probable corticobasal degeneration; DLB= : dementia with Lewy bodies; FTD= : frontotemporal dementia; FTLD-TDP= : frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 immunoreactive inclusions; GRN= : granulin; p-CBD= : possible corticobasal degeneration criteria; PD= : Parkinson disease; PNFA= : progressive nonfluent aphasia; PPA= : primary progressive aphasia; PSP= : progressive supranuclear palsy; PSPS= : progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome
Why it matters
Sets out new criteria for diagnosing corticobasal degeneration (CBD), drawing on expert consensus and 267 cases confirmed at autopsy. It defines stricter criteria for probable CBD and broader criteria for possible CBD, and the authors say the criteria still need validation.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Getting a diagnosis →
How this study scored 61/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on strength of evidence, so that was left out: it earned 58 of the 95 points we could judge it on, which is 61 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Neurology) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Neurology: journal h-index 525 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | — / 5 | No evidence rating recorded — left out of this score |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2013 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 7 / 7 | Cited 1,918 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 5 / 5 | 127.9 citations a year over 15 year(s) since 2013 |
| Impact for its field and year | 6 / 6 | Cited 53.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 4 / 4 | Cited 536 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author William J. Weiner: h-index 66 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 3 / 3 | National Institutes of Health: institution h-index 2,723 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 6 institution(s) in 4 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 23359374) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 58 / 95 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 58 of the 95 points we could judge it on is 61 out of 100. |
| Total | 61 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 20 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Armstrong, M. J., Litvan, I., Lang, A. E., Bak, T. H., Bhatia, K. P., Borroni, B., et al. (2013). Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration. Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827f0fd1
Vancouver
Armstrong MJ, Litvan I, Lang AE, Bak TH, Bhatia KP, Borroni B, et al. Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration. Neurology. 2013. doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827f0fd1. PMID: 23359374.
BibTeX
@article{armstrong2013-23359374,
author = {Armstrong, Melissa J. and Litvan, Irene and Lang, Anthony E. and Bak, Thomas H. and Bhatia, Kailash P. and Borroni, Barbara and Boxer, Adam L. and Dickson, Dennis W. and Grossman, Murray and Hallett, Mark and Josephs, Keith A. and KERTESZ, ANDREW E. and Lee, Suzee E. and Miller, Bruce L. and Reich, Stephen G. and Riley, David E. and TOLOSA, EDUARDO S. and Tröster, Alexander I. and Vidailhet, Marie and Weiner, William J.},
title = {{Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration}},
journal = {Neurology},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827f0fd1},
pmid = {23359374},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31827f0fd1}
}
Related studies in Getting a diagnosis
Also tagged “bodies”
1,017 studies in the library carry the topic tag “bodies”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 1,017 tagged studies.