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Comparison of 7.0-T T₂*-magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral bleeds in post-mortem brain sections of Alzheimer patients with their neuropathological correlates
De Reuck J, Auger F, Cordonnier C, Deramecourt V, Durieux N, Pasquier F, Bordet R, Maurage CA et al.. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2011-03-21
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Background In view of the increasing recognition of cerebral microbleeds (MCBs) with MRI, there is a need to validate their detection in post-mortem brains in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and dementia. Materials and methods Out of 20 post-mortem brains of patients with Alzheimer dementia and with different cerebrovascular lesions, 45 large sections of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum were submitted to a 7.0-T T₂*-weighted MRI, and afterwards compared to the histological detection of haematomas, MCBs and mini-bleeds (MNBs). Results The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and predictive negative value of the T₂* imaging to detect MCBs and MNBs were excellent for those in the cortico-subcortical regions. There was a significant overestimation of MNBs in the striatum due to iron deposits unrelated to old haemorrhages. Also in the deep white matter, 42% of MNBs were not detected, while 31% of T₂* hyposignals were not due to MNBs but to vessels filled with post-mortem thrombi. Conclusions When evaluating the 'bleeding load' with 7.0-T T₂*-weighted MRI in post-mortem brain sections of patients with dementia and vascular risk factors, only quantification of small cerebral bleeds in the cortico-subcortical regions is reliable.
Key findings
- Materials and methods Out of 20 post-mortem brains of patients with Alzheimer dementia and with different cerebrovascular lesions, 45 large sections of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem and cerebellum were submitted to a 7.0-T T₂*-weighted MRI, and afterwards compared to the histological detection of haematomas, MCBs and mini-bleeds (MNBs).
- Results The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and predictive negative value of the T₂* imaging to detect MCBs and MNBs were excellent for those in the cortico-subcortical regions.
- There was a significant overestimation of MNBs in the striatum due to iron deposits unrelated to old haemorrhages.
Why it matters
In post-mortem brain sections, 7.0-T T2*-weighted MRI reliably detected small cerebral bleeds only in cortico-subcortical regions, with overestimation in the striatum and missed bleeds in deep white matter. This is a validation of an imaging method for measuring bleeding load, not a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 35/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Cerebrovascular Diseases: journal h-index 143 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2011 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 76 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 4.5 citations a year over 17 year(s) since 2011 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 7.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 2 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 1 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Didier Leys: h-index 98 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Université Lille Nord de France: institution h-index 363 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 21422755) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 35 / 100 | — |
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APA 7th
De Reuck, J., Auger, F., Cordonnier, C., Deramecourt, V., Durieux, N., Pasquier, F., et al. (2011). Comparison of 7.0-T T₂*-magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral bleeds in post-mortem brain sections of Alzheimer patients with their neuropathological correlates. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.1159/000324391
Vancouver
De Reuck J, Auger F, Cordonnier C, Deramecourt V, Durieux N, Pasquier F, et al. Comparison of 7.0-T T₂*-magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral bleeds in post-mortem brain sections of Alzheimer patients with their neuropathological correlates. Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). 2011. doi:10.1159/000324391. PMID: 21422755.
BibTeX
@article{dereuck2011-21422755,
author = {De Reuck, J. and Auger, F. and Cordonnier, C. and Deramecourt, V. and Durieux, N. and Pasquier, F. and Bordet, R. and Maurage, C. A. and others},
title = {{Comparison of 7.0-T T₂*-magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral bleeds in post-mortem brain sections of Alzheimer patients with their neuropathological correlates}},
journal = {Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1159/000324391},
pmid = {21422755},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1159/000324391}
}
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