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48/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Getting a diagnosis

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Also, there are no licensed treatments specifically for VD.[3] What sets VD apart from other dementias are the following factors: The etiology of VD is clearly associated with brain tissue loss and dysfunction secondary to vascular pathophysiology in which hypertension seems to be the main reason.[4] While the exact cellular mechanisms are still not clear, it does imply that VD may potentially be largely preventable through better cardiovascular-metabolic risk modification. Cortical lesions may result in aphasia, apraxia, and seizures, while subcortical lesions may present as executive dysfunction, parkinsonism, abnormal gait, or urinary incontinence. Among the various mechanisms contributing to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is likely the most common, playing a significant role in cognitive impairment even in the absence of stroke. The index assesses various clinical features associated with dementia to determine the likelihood that the dementia has a vascular component (abrupt onset, stepwise deterioration, fluctuating course, nocturnal confusion, relative preservation of personality, presence of depressive symptoms, somatic symptoms, emotional incontinence, history of stroke, presence of focal neurological signs, and presence of focal neurological symptoms). There is modest evidence to suggest that blood pressure interventions across modalities may reduce incidence of dementia later.[35] A similar finding exists for lowering of blood pressure in the elderly with a greater cardiovascular risk profile. A modest advantage was reported for intensive blood pressure lowering versus standard lowering interventions on development of eventual cognitive impairment or dementia.[36] However, these studies are not generalizable to patients with pre-existing stroke, dementia, or diabetes. Also, intensive blood pressure lowering is associated with the risk of cerebral hypoperfusion and concomitant falls and syncope. While it is reasonable to expect that such patients would benefit from the use of an antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory agent such as ASA, the evidence base suggests that ASA may not have a role in prevention of VD or cognitive decline in either of these populations or in the prevention of dementia.[43–45] Use of ASA must be tempered by the possibility that it may lead to a predisposition to bleeding.[46] Thus, the use of ASA must be tempered by an analysis of the risk–reward ratio. It is worthwhile to suggest that

Key findings

Also, there are no licensed treatments specifically for VD.[3] What sets VD apart from other dementias are the following factors: The etiology of VD is clearly associated with brain tissue loss and dysfunction secondary to vascular pathophysiology in which hypertension seems to be the main reason.[4] While the exact cellular mechanisms are still not clear, it does imply that VD may potentially be largely preventable through better cardiovascular-metabolic risk modification.
Cortical lesions may result in aphasia, apraxia, and seizures, while subcortical lesions may present as executive dysfunction, parkinsonism, abnormal gait, or urinary incontinence.
Among the various mechanisms contributing to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is likely the most common, playing a significant role in cognitive impairment even in the absence of stroke.
The index assesses various clinical features associated with dementia to determine the likelihood that the dementia has a vascular component (abrupt onset, stepwise deterioration, fluctuating course, nocturnal confusion, relative preservation of personality, presence of depressive symptoms, somatic symptoms, emotional incontinence, history of stroke, presence of focal neurological signs, and presence of focal neurological symptoms).
There is modest evidence to suggest that blood pressure interventions across modalities may reduce incidence of dementia later.[35] A similar finding exists for lowering of blood pressure in the elderly with a greater cardiovascular risk profile.

Why it matters

These clinical practice guidelines note there are no licensed treatments specifically for vascular dementia and that hypertension seems to be the main reason for it, suggesting it may be largely preventable through cardiovascular-metabolic risk modification. There is only modest evidence for blood pressure interventions, so prevention through risk factor control is plausible but not proven.

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Study details

Study designmeta-analysis
Evidence strengthHigh

How this study scored 48/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a meta-analysis pooling many studies. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported and studied in people because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Indian Journal of Psychiatry)
Journal's citation record	1 / 4	Indian Journal of Psychiatry: journal h-index 94 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	12 / 12	A meta-analysis pooling many studies
Strength of evidence	5 / 5	Rated “high” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	A review of other studies — randomisation is not credited here
Times cited	1 / 7	Cited 2 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	0 / 5	0.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	2 / 6	Cited 1.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	0 / 4	Cited 2 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	1 / 4	Last-listed author Navendu Gaur: h-index 8 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	0 / 3	All India Institute of Medical Sciences: institution h-index 440 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	1 / 3	OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40046475)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	48 / 100	—

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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

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APA 7th

Singh, S. M., Kathiresan, P., & Gaur, N. (2025). Clinical practice guidelines on addressing cognitive impairment in vascular dementias. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_713_24

Vancouver

Singh SM, Kathiresan P, Gaur N. Clinical practice guidelines on addressing cognitive impairment in vascular dementias. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2025. doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_713_24. PMID: 40046475.

BibTeX

@article{singh2025-40046475,
  author  = {Singh, Shubh Mohan and Kathiresan, Preethy and Gaur, Navendu},
  title   = {{Clinical practice guidelines on addressing cognitive impairment in vascular dementias}},
  journal = {Indian Journal of Psychiatry},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_713_24},
  pmid    = {40046475},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_713_24}
}

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