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Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: the executive interview
Royall DR, Mahurin RK, Gray KF.. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1992-12-01
Topic: Health services, long-term care and technology
Objective This study is a pilot validation of the Executive Interview (EXIT), a novel instrument designed to assess executive cognitive function (ECF) at the bedside. Design Inter-rater reliability testing and validation using inter-group comparisons across levels of care and measures of cognition and behavior. Participants Forty elderly subjects randomly selected across four levels of care. Setting Settings ranged from independent living apartments to designated Alzheimer's Special Care units in a single 537-bed retirement community. Measurements The EXIT: a 10-minute, 25-item interview scored from 0-50 (higher scores = greater executive dyscontrol) was administered by a physician. Subjects were also administered the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and traditional tests of "frontal" executive function by a neuropsychologist, and the Nursing Home Behavior Problem Scale (NHBPS) by Licensed Vocational Nurses. Results Interrater reliability was high (r = .90). EXIT scores correlated well with other measures of ECF. The interview discriminated among residents at each level of care. In contrast, the MMSE did not discriminate apartment-dwelling from residential care residents, or residential care from nursing home residents. The EXIT was highly correlated with disruptive behaviors as measured by the NHBPS (r = .79). Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that the EXIT is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of executive impairment at the bedside. It correlates well with level of care and problem behavior. It discriminates residents at earlier stages of cognitive impairment than the MMSE.
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APA 7th
Royall, D. R., Mahurin, R. K., & Gray, K. F. (1992). Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: the executive interview. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03646.x
Vancouver
Royall DR, Mahurin RK, Gray KF. Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: the executive interview. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1992. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03646.x. PMID: 1447438.
BibTeX
@article{royall1992-1447438,
author = {Royall, D. R. and Mahurin, R. K. and Gray, K. F.},
title = {{Bedside assessment of executive cognitive impairment: the executive interview}},
journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
year = {1992},
doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03646.x},
pmid = {1447438},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03646.x}
}
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Key findings
- Results Interrater reliability was high (r = .90).
- Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that the EXIT is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of executive impairment at the bedside.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 36/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 36 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1992 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 1447438) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 21 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 21 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 36 out of 100. |
| Total | 36 / 100 | — |
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