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53/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 53 out of 100. Vascular contributions

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Non-modifiable (age, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 genotype and sex) and modifiable risk factors (co-morbidities at baseline, such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease, BMI, and sleep duration) were analyzed with mixed-effects models, adjusted for age and sex, to predict longitudinal measurements of WMH, Aβ and tau. Mean age was 64.8 (SD 13.3) years and mean follow-up was 3.9 (SD 1.5) years. Predictors represent baseline data, both predictors and outcomes are on standardized scales. Linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for age and sex, showed that higher blood pressure (β = 0.02, 95 % CI :0.01-0.02), presence of hyperlipidemia (β = 0.03, 0.01-0.05), ischemic heart disease (β = 0.06, 0.03-0.09), smoking (β = 0.02, 0.00-0.03) and lower education (β = -0.01, -0.02- -0.01) were associated with a longitudinal increase in WMH. Presence of the APOE ε4 allele was linked to faster Aβ accumulation (β = 0.03, 0.02-0.04) and tau (β = 0.01, 0.00-0.03), but only to Aβ among Aβ+ positive participants. Higher depression score (β = 0.01, 0.00-0.01) and diabetes (β = 0.02, 0.00-0.04) were associated with faster Aβ accumulation. Lower BMI was associated with faster accumulation of tau (β = -0.01, -0.02- -0.01). Modifiable risk factors of future dementia primarily affect accumulation of cerebral vascular pathology, although lower BMI was associated with tau accumulation and diabetes with Aβ accumulation.

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APA 7th

Glans, I., Mattsson, N., Strandberg, O. T., Stomrud, E., Ossenkoppele, R., van Westen, D., et al. (2026). Associations of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with longitudinal white matter hyperintensities, amyloid-β and tau - a prospective cohort study. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100448

Vancouver

Glans I, Mattsson N, Strandberg OT, Stomrud E, Ossenkoppele R, van Westen D, et al. Associations of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with longitudinal white matter hyperintensities, amyloid-β and tau - a prospective cohort study. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease. 2026. doi:10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100448. PMID: 41478835.

BibTeX

@article{glans2026-41478835,
  author  = {Glans, Isabelle and Mattsson, Niklas and Strandberg, Olof T. and Stomrud, Erik and Ossenkoppele, Rik and van Westen, Danielle and Spotorno, Nicola and Hansson, Oskar and others},
  title   = {{Associations of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors with longitudinal white matter hyperintensities, amyloid-β and tau - a prospective cohort study}},
  journal = {The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease},
  year    = {2026},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100448},
  pmid    = {41478835},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100448}
}

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Key findings

Non-modifiable (age, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 genotype and sex) and modifiable risk factors (co-morbidities at baseline, such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease, BMI, and sleep duration) were analyzed with mixed-effects models, adjusted for age and sex, to predict longitudinal measurements of WMH, Aβ and tau.
Mean age was 64.8 (SD 13.3) years and mean follow-up was 3.9 (SD 1.5) years.
Predictors represent baseline data, both predictors and outcomes are on standardized scales.
Linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for age and sex, showed that higher blood pressure (β = 0.02, 95 % CI :0.01-0.02), presence of hyperlipidemia (β = 0.03, 0.01-0.05), ischemic heart disease (β = 0.06, 0.03-0.09), smoking (β = 0.02, 0.00-0.03) and lower education (β = -0.01, -0.02- -0.01) were associated with a longitudinal increase in WMH.
Presence of the APOE ε4 allele was linked to faster Aβ accumulation (β = 0.03, 0.02-0.04) and tau (β = 0.01, 0.00-0.03), but only to Aβ among Aβ+ positive participants.

Why it matters

This longitudinal study found that modifiable risk factors such as higher blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, smoking and lower education were linked to increasing white matter hyperintensities, while the APOE ε4 allele was linked to faster amyloid-β and tau accumulation. It suggests that modifiable risks for future dementia mainly affect vascular brain pathology, though lower BMI was tied to tau and diabetes to amyloid-β.

Study details

Study designlongitudinal study
Participants494
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 53/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease)
Journal's citation record	0 / 4	The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease: journal h-index 63 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	7 / 12	A longitudinal study following the same people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	5 / 5	2026 — within 1 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	2 / 4	494 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	1 / 7	Cited 2 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	1 / 5	1.0 citations a year over 2 year(s) since 2026
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 9.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	0 / 4	Cited 2 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Sebastian Palmqvist: h-index 81 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Lund University: institution h-index 1,119 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 5 institution(s) in 2 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41478835)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	53 / 100	—

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