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A national cohort study (2000-2018) of long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the United States
Shi L, Steenland K, Li H, Liu P, Zhang Y, Lyles RH, Requia WJ, Ilango SD et al.. Nature communications, 2021-11-19
Topic: Air pollution and environmental exposures
Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000-2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases (N = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases (N = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM 2.5 (3.2 µg/m 3 ), NO 2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O 3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM 2.5 and NO 2 were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM 2.5 and NO 2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD.
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APA 7th
Shi, L., Steenland, K., Li, H., Liu, P., Zhang, Y., Lyles, R. H., et al. (2021). A national cohort study (2000-2018) of long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the United States. Nature communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27049-2
Vancouver
Shi L, Steenland K, Li H, Liu P, Zhang Y, Lyles RH, et al. A national cohort study (2000-2018) of long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the United States. Nature communications. 2021. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27049-2. PMID: 34799599.
BibTeX
@article{shi2021-34799599,
author = {Shi, L. and Steenland, K. and Li, H. and Liu, P. and Zhang, Y. and Lyles, R. H. and Requia, W. J. and Ilango, S. D. and others},
title = {{A national cohort study (2000-2018) of long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the United States}},
journal = {Nature communications},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-021-27049-2},
pmid = {34799599},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27049-2}
}
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Key findings
- Our study suggests that exposures to PM 2.5 and NO 2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 50/100
Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 29 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 50 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 9 / 10 | Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Nature communications) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 34799599) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 29 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 29 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 50 out of 100. |
| Total | 50 / 100 | — |
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