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Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States
Jing Li, Yifan Wang, Kyle Steenland, Pengfei F. Liu, Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin, Howard H. Chang, William Michael Caudle et al.. The Innovation, 2022-01-17
Topic: Air pollution and environmental exposures
Growing evidence has linked long-term fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure to neurological disorders. Less is known about the individual effects of PM 2.5 components. A population-based cohort study investigated the association between long-term (1-year average) exposure to PM 2.5 components and dementia incidence among the elderly population (age, ≥65 years) in the United States. We used data from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse and a high-resolution PM 2.5 components dataset of the northeastern United States (2000–2017). We identified dementia diagnoses from patients' hospital and medical insurance records and carried out Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate their association with PM 2.5 components. Among ∼2 million participants, 15.1% developed dementia. From the single-pollutant models, hazard ratios per interquartile range increase were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.11) for black carbon, 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.10) for inorganic nitrate, 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.04) for organic matter, 1.13 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.15) for sulfate, 1.07 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.07) for soil particles, and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.05) for sea salt. Increase in exposure to black carbon and sulfate per interquartile range had the strongest associations with dementia incidence. Penalized spline models indicated that dementia incidence increased linearly with elevated black carbon concentrations, whereas the incidence of dementia was only elevated significantly following sulfate concentrations above ∼2 μg/m 3 . Our study suggests that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 components is significantly associated with increased dementia incidence and that different components have different neurotoxicity. Reduction of PM 2.5 emissions, especially for main sources of black carbon and sulfate, may reduce the burden of dementia in the aging United States population.
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APA 7th
Li, J., Wang, Y., Steenland, K., Liu, P. F., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., et al. (2022). Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States. The Innovation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100208
Vancouver
Li J, Wang Y, Steenland K, Liu PF, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, et al. Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States. The Innovation. 2022. doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100208. PMID: 35199078.
BibTeX
@article{li2022-35199078,
author = {Li, Jing and Wang, Yifan and Steenland, Kyle and Liu, Pengfei F. and van Donkelaar, Aaron and Martin, Randall V. and Chang, Howard H. and Caudle, William Michael and others},
title = {{Long-term effects of PM2.5 components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States}},
journal = {The Innovation},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100208},
pmid = {35199078},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100208}
}
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Key findings
- Penalized spline models indicated that dementia incidence increased linearly with elevated black carbon concentrations, whereas the incidence of dementia was only elevated significantly following sulfate concentrations above ∼2 μg/m 3 .
- Our study suggests that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 components is significantly associated with increased dementia incidence and that different components have different neurotoxicity.
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Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Effect size15.1%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 62/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for sample size, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multicenter collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 36 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 62 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The Innovation) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multicenter collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 35199078) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 36 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 36 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 62 out of 100. |
| Total | 62 / 100 | — |
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