28,980 Alzheimer's and dementia studies in plain English, each scored out of 100.
The 21-point Brain Care Score (BCS) was developed through a modified Delphi process in partnership with practitioners and patients to promote behavior changes and lifestyle choices in order to sustainably reduce the risk of dementia and stroke. 4 key findings →
Evidence: low
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However, due to the synergistic effect between diabetic pathology and neuroinflammation, and the prothrombotic profile in patients with diabetes, whether vitamin D is associated with risk of dementia among patients with diabetes is unclear. 4 key findings →
Participants: 13,486 Evidence: low
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The acute and long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have received increased attention in recent years. 3 key findings →
Evidence: low
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Serotonin (5-HT) neuron and neurotransmitter loss in normal aging and neuropsychiatric diseases of late life may contribute to behavioral changes commonly observed in the elderly population. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate
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The neuroprotective effects of estrogen have been demonstrated consistently in cellular and animal studies but the evidence in women remains conflicted. 4 key findings →
Design: cohort study Evidence: moderate
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Depression in old age has a poor long-term prognosis; equal evidence shows that the same is true of depression in middle age. 4 key findings →
Evidence: low
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The objective of this study was to analyze factors influencing the risk and timing of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in central Norway. 4 key findings →
Participants: 376 Evidence: low
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Among 45 029 participants undergoing cognitive assessment, mean (SD) age was 67.9 (8.0) years; 80.7% were men. 5 key findings →
Participants: 1,197 Evidence: high
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Lenore Ackerman *Correspondence: David Geffen School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1738 telephone: 310-794-0206; E-mail Address: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-7649 Department of Urology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003430AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Overactive bladder, including symptoms of increased urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence, is more prevalent than diabetes, affecting 1 in 6 adults in the United States.1,2 Occurring more commonly among women and older adults, untreated overactive bladder is associated with reduced quality of life, increased incidence of depression and anxiety, increased risk of experiencing falls/fractures, and increased institutionalization. 5 key findings →
Design: systematic review Evidence: high
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For amyloid positive individuals Aβ42/Aβ40, glial fibrillary acidic protein and p-tau181 were the top predictors of cognitive decline while Aβ42/Aβ40 was prominent for amyloid negative participants across all age groups. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional Participants: 1,185 Evidence: moderate
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Significant interactions between amyloid status and modifiable risk factors were observed for diabetes (adjusted β = -0.206, p = 0.032), high cholesterol (adjusted β = -0.155, p < 0.001), and physical inactivity (adjusted β = -0.161, p = 0.046), indicating combined effects rather than additive effects on cognitive decline among Aβ+ individuals. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 1,707 Evidence: moderate
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Time is an under-recognised social determinant of brain health, and is potentially as important as education or income for dementia risk. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate
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Across imputed data sets, a median of 2,777 eligible individuals were included, with a median of 664 receiving a new HA prescription. 5 key findings →
Evidence: high
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Lifestyle behavioral change is a critical component for secondary prevention of stroke. 1 key finding →
Design: longitudinal study Evidence: high
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Dementia risk was significantly higher in patients with epilepsy compared with that of controls (IRR: 3.65; 95% CI: 3.14-4.24), especially within the first 2 years post-diagnosis (aHR: 5.42; 95% CI: 4.30-6.83), peaking between 8 and 10 years (aHR: 8.25; 95% CI: 3.15-21.5). 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 2,740 Evidence: moderate
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Over a mean follow-up of 14.6 years, 7.7% of the participants (n = 614) developed dementia. 5 key findings →
Participants: 7,960 Evidence: moderate
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A total of 5,129 participants were included in the study (59% female; 22% identified as Black; mean (standard deviation) age at visit 5 of 75 (5) years). 5 key findings →
Participants: 1,026 Evidence: low
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Among 331,731 participants (mean ± SD age, 56.53 ± 8.1 years; 156,762 [47.26 %] male), 4413 (1.33 %) developed dementia during a mean follow-up of 12.8 years. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 331,731 Evidence: moderate
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According to the results, 31.4% of the sample consisted of subjects without cognitive impairment, 40.5% were identified as possible cases of MCI, and 24.9% as possible cases of dementia. 5 key findings →
Design: cross-sectional Participants: 385 Evidence: low
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Falls are an early sign of dementia risk, and genetic susceptibility facilitates this association. 4 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study Participants: 265,416 Evidence: moderate
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We show that semaglutide was associated with a significantly reduced risk of overall ADRD incidence with a hazard ratio ranging from 0.54 (0.49-0.59) compared with insulin, 0.67 (0.61-0.74) compared with metformin, to 0.80 (0.72-0.89) compared with older generation glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1RAs). 4 key findings →
Evidence: high
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The analytical sample comprised 1481 NCI (76.7% female) and 515 MCI (69.7% female) participants. 5 key findings →
Design: longitudinal study Evidence: moderate
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Of the 11,981 patients with sepsis, fungal pathogens were identified in 3.4% of cases. 5 key findings →
Design: cohort study Participants: 19 Evidence: moderate
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Most dementias are preceded by mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional clinical stage characterized by cognitive decline that does not yet significantly interfere with activities of daily living. 5 key findings →
Design: systematic review Evidence: high
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Significant hazard ratios (HRs) for dementia incidence were found using the MMSE cutoff between 23 and 24 point (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.13-3.27) and the J-Cog cutoff between 43 and 44 points (HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.50-3.93). 4 key findings →
Design: case-control study Participants: 100 Evidence: moderate
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10 of the 3,795 studies in this tag that have a study page, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
Free full text links and the Full text may need a subscription label come from Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex records of free copies, checked 10 Oct 2026. A study with neither is unknown, not paywalled. Show only studies that are free to read
This is alzhub's own score. It is not an official metric, not an impact factor, and no journal, publisher or ranking body endorses it. We built it so that a reader who is not a scientist can tell a landmark trial from a conference abstract without having to already know the difference. Every point comes from one of 20 components, all of them printed on the study itself, so you can disagree with our arithmetic rather than having to trust the total.
Journals are placed in ordered tiers, never given a numeric impact factor — we could not verify current impact factors from a source we control, and an invented one would be worse than none. Tier 1 is the top-tier general journals (NEJM, The Lancet, JAMA, Nature, Science, Nature Medicine); tier 2 is the leading specialty journals; tier 3 is every other peer-reviewed journal. A separate part scores how much the journal's own papers are cited, which tells the tier-3 journals apart.
Two rules we don't bend. First, we never fill in a missing value: if a record does not state a sample size or a design, that component scores zero, and if we simply have no data for a part, such as a citation count, that part is left out and the study is scored on the parts we could check. The study card says which. Second, anything that is not a peer-reviewed article is capped at 16/100 and carries a warning chip — so a conference abstract or a company press release can never outrank a peer-reviewed paper, no matter how good it looks.
We rank a rigorous null result — a good trial showing that something does not work — above an early positive finding. Someone deciding whether to buy a supplement is served by that, and the rigour is already counted by the design and journal components.
The score is computed from the published data alone and is reproducible: the same file always yields the same numbers.
See the whole rubric drawn out → — four charts covering all 28,980 studies: how the scores are spread and where the cap bites, which of the 20 components the library is strong and weak on, which subjects rest on stronger evidence, and what kinds of study each subject is actually built from.
This is a large sample of the Alzheimer's literature, not an exhaustive index of it. It holds 28,980 records, built mostly from automated pulls of Europe PMC (62.8% of the library) and OpenAlex (17.6%), plus smaller pulls from PubMed, Crossref and medRxiv. If a study, a drug, or a finding isn't here, that is not evidence it doesn't exist in the literature — it may simply not have been pulled in yet.
1,038 records (3.6% of the library) are not peer-reviewed — 966 of those are preprints posted before any journal review, and the rest are conference abstracts, regulatory notices and reports. Every study card on this page states its status plainly, and the score above is capped for anything that isn't a peer-reviewed article.
See the full, machine-readable breakdown of this library's coverage →