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% Source: https://alzhub.org/research?about=risk-factors
% 500 entries, in the order the page lists them. Built from alzhub.org's own records.
% 1 entries have no readable author in the source record and carry no author field.

@article{nong2025-40813122,
  author  = {Nong, Kailei and Jeppesen, Britta Tendal and Shi, Qingyang and Agoritsas, Thomas and Guyatt, Gordon H and White, Heath and Gao, Yiyuan and Agarwal, Arnav and others},
  title   = {{Medications for adults with type 2 diabetes: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis}},
  journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1136/bmj-2024-083039},
  pmid    = {40813122},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-083039}
}

@article{yu2024-38788800,
  author  = {Yu, Ruan-Ching and Proctor, Danielle and Soni, Janvi and Pikett, Liam and Livingston, Gill and Lewis, Glyn and Schilder, Anne and Bamiou, Doris and others},
  title   = {{Adult-onset hearing loss and incident cognitive impairment and dementia - A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies}},
  journal = {Ageing research reviews},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.arr.2024.102346},
  pmid    = {38788800},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102346}
}

@article{feng2025-39558765,
  author  = {Feng, Yanqiong and Cheng, Lili and Zhou, Weiying and Lu, Jiru and Huang, Huiyu},
  title   = {{Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis}},
  journal = {Metabolic syndrome and related disorders},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1089/met.2024.0155},
  pmid    = {39558765},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2024.0155}
}

@article{edwards2017-29201994,
  author  = {Edwards, J. D. and Xu, H. and Clark, D. O. and Guey, L. T. and Ross, L. A. and Unverzagt, F. W.},
  title   = {{Speed of processing training results in lower risk of dementia}},
  journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia (New York, N. Y.)},
  year    = {2017},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.trci.2017.09.002},
  pmid    = {29201994},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2017.09.002}
}

@article{oki2024-39229900,
  author  = {Oki, Y. and Osaki, T. and Kumagai, R. and Murata, S. and Encho, H. and Ono, R. and Yasuda, H. and Kowa, H.},
  title   = {{An 18-month multimodal intervention trial for preventing dementia: J-MINT PRIME Tamba}},
  journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1002/alz.14170},
  pmid    = {39229900},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14170}
}

@article{mielke2026-42509652,
  author  = {Mielke, Michelle M and Gaussoin, Sarah A and Casanova, Ramon and Latham, Lauren A and Manson, JoAnn E and Mouton, Charles P and Ng, Ted K S and Rapp, Stephen R and others},
  title   = {{Alzheimer's blood-based biomarkers, incident dementia, and interactions with age, APOE status, and hormone therapy}},
  journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
  year    = {2026},
  doi     = {10.1002/alz.71704},
  pmid    = {42509652},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.71704}
}

@article{liang2021-34305572,
  author  = {Liang, Zheng and Li, Ao and Xu, Yuanyuan and Qian, Xiaoyun and Gao, Xia},
  title   = {{Hearing Loss and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies}},
  journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
  year    = {2021},
  doi     = {10.3389/fnagi.2021.695117},
  pmid    = {34305572},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.695117}
}

@article{chatterjee2016-26681727,
  author  = {Chatterjee, S. and Peters, S. A. and Woodward, M. and Mejia Arango, S. and Batty, G. D. and Beckett, N. and Beiser, A. and Borenstein, A. R. and others},
  title   = {{Type 2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Dementia in Women Compared With Men: A Pooled Analysis of 2.3 Million People Comprising More Than 100,000 Cases of Dementia}},
  journal = {Diabetes care},
  year    = {2016},
  doi     = {10.2337/dc15-1588},
  pmid    = {26681727},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-1588}
}

@article{vanderheide2024-37551793,
  author  = {van der Heide, Frank C T and Khawaja, Anthony and Berendschot, Tos T J M and Littlejohns, Thomas J and Kuźma, Elżbieta and Luben, Robert and Patel, Praveen J and Foster, Paul J and others},
  title   = {{Associations of inner retinal layers with risk of incident dementia: An individual participant data analysis of four prospective cohort studies}},
  journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1002/alz.13167},
  pmid    = {37551793},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13167}
}

@article{hughes2020-32427305,
  author  = {Hughes, D. and Judge, C. and Murphy, R. and Loughlin, E. and Costello, M. and Whiteley, W. and others},
  title   = {{Association of Blood Pressure Lowering With Incident Dementia or Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis}},
  journal = {JAMA},
  year    = {2020},
  doi     = {10.1001/jama.2020.4249},
  pmid    = {32427305},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4249}
}

@article{lin2023-37478886,
  author  = {Lin, F. R. and Pike, JR. and Albert, M. S. and Arnold, M. and Burgard, S. and Chisolm, T. and Couper, D. and Deal, J. A. and others},
  title   = {{Hearing intervention versus health education control to reduce cognitive decline in older adults with hearing loss in the USA (ACHIEVE): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial}},
  journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
  year    = {2023},
  doi     = {10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01406-x},
  pmid    = {37478886},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01406-x}
}

@article{lehtisalo2022-35051281,
  author  = {Lehtisalo, J. and Rusanen, M. and Solomon, A. and Antikainen, R. and Laatikainen, T. and Peltonen, M. and Strandberg, T. and Tuomilehto, J. and others},
  title   = {{Effect of a multi-domain lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk in older people: the FINGER trial}},
  journal = {European heart journal},
  year    = {2022},
  doi     = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehab922},
  pmid    = {35051281},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab922}
}

@article{kwok2011-21383328,
  author  = {Kwok, C. S. and Loke, Y. K. and Hale, R. and Potter, J. F. and Myint, P. K.},
  title   = {{Atrial fibrillation and incidence of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis}},
  journal = {Neurology},
  year    = {2011},
  doi     = {10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820f2e38},
  pmid    = {21383328},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820f2e38}
}

@article{kuzma2021-34397414,
  author  = {Kuźma, E. and Littlejohns, T. J. and Khawaja, A. P. and Llewellyn, D. J. and Ukoumunne, O. C. and Thiem, U.},
  title   = {{Visual Impairment, Eye Diseases, and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis}},
  journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD},
  year    = {2021},
  doi     = {10.3233/jad-210250},
  pmid    = {34397414},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-210250}
}

@article{vanasbroeck2024-38759017,
  author  = {Van Asbroeck, Stephanie and Köhler, Sebastian and Wimmers, Sophie C P M and Muris, Jean W M and van Boxtel, Martin P J and Deckers, Kay},
  title   = {{Multidomain Dementia Risk Reduction in Primary Care is Feasible: A Proof-of-concept study}},
  journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.3233/jad-240229},
  pmid    = {38759017},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-240229}
}

@article{simone2024-37930366,
  author  = {Simone, Tamar and Peltz, Carrie and Rosenberg, Dori E and Barnes, Deborah E and Fleckenstein, Lynn E and Dublin, Sascha and Yaffe, Kristine},
  title   = {{The Impact of Pandemic-Related Restrictions on Dementia Risk Factors in Older Adults}},
  journal = {Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1177/07334648231210671},
  pmid    = {37930366},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648231210671}
}

@article{abolhasani2023-36288998,
  author  = {Abolhasani, Ehsan and Hachinski, Vladimir and Ghazaleh, Nargess and Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza and Mokhber, Naghmeh and Martin, Janet},
  title   = {{Air Pollution and Incidence of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis}},
  journal = {Neurology},
  year    = {2023},
  doi     = {10.1212/wnl.0000000000201419},
  pmid    = {36288998},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000201419}
}

@article{dent1988-3410327,
  author  = {Dent, John and Holloway, Richard H. and Toouli, James and Dodds, Wylie J.},
  title   = {{Mechanisms of lower oesophageal sphincter incompetence in patients with symptomatic gastrooesophageal reflux}},
  journal = {Gut},
  year    = {1988},
  doi     = {10.1136/gut.29.8.1020},
  pmid    = {3410327},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.29.8.1020}
}

@article{zulke2024-38967275,
  author  = {Zülke, A. E. and Pabst, A. and Luppa, M. and Oey, A. and Weise, S. and Fankhänel, T. and Kosilek, R. P. and Schillok, H. and others},
  title   = {{Effects of a multidomain intervention against cognitive decline on dementia risk profiles - Results from the AgeWell.de trial}},
  journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1002/alz.14097},
  pmid    = {38967275},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14097}
}

@article{liu2018-28660596,
  author  = {Liu, Y. and Wang, Z. and Xiao, W.},
  title   = {{Risk factors for mortality in elderly patients with hip fractures: a meta-analysis of 18 studies}},
  journal = {Aging clinical and experimental research},
  year    = {2018},
  doi     = {10.1007/s40520-017-0789-5},
  pmid    = {28660596},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-017-0789-5}
}

@article{georgakis2019-30770431,
  author  = {Georgakis, M. K. and Duering, M. and Wardlaw, J. M. and Dichgans, M.},
  title   = {{WMH and long-term outcomes in ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis}},
  journal = {Neurology},
  year    = {2019},
  doi     = {10.1212/wnl.0000000000007142},
  pmid    = {30770431},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007142}
}

@article{biessels2019-31399442,
  author  = {Biessels, G. J. and Verhagen, C. and Janssen, J. and van den Berg, E. and Zinman, B. and Rosenstock, J. and George, J. T. and Passera, A. and others},
  title   = {{Effect of Linagliptin on Cognitive Performance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiorenal Comorbidities: The CARMELINA Randomized Trial}},
  journal = {Diabetes care},
  year    = {2019},
  doi     = {10.2337/dc19-0783},
  pmid    = {31399442},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0783}
}

@article{trpchevska2022-35580588,
  author  = {Trpchevska, N. and Freidin, M. B. and Broer, L. and Oosterloo, B. C. and Yao, S. and Zhou, Y. and Vona, B. and Bishop, C. and others},
  title   = {{Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 48 risk variants and highlights the role of the stria vascularis in hearing loss}},
  journal = {American journal of human genetics},
  year    = {2022},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.010},
  pmid    = {35580588},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.010}
}

@article{sofi2008-18786971,
  author  = {Sofi, F. and Cesari, F. and Abbate, R. and Gensini, G. F. and Casini, A.},
  title   = {{Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis}},
  journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
  year    = {2008},
  doi     = {10.1136/bmj.a1344},
  pmid    = {18786971},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a1344}
}

@article{he2025-40258956,
  author  = {He, J. and Zhao, C. and Zhong, S. and Ouyang, N. and Sun, G. and Qiao, L. and others},
  title   = {{Blood pressure reduction and all-cause dementia in people with uncontrolled hypertension: an open-label, blinded-endpoint, cluster-randomized trial}},
  journal = {Nature Medicine},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1038/s41591-025-03616-8},
  pmid    = {40258956},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03616-8}
}

@article{dekosky2008-19017911,
  author  = {DeKosky, S. T. and Williamson, J. D. and Fitzpatrick, A. L. and Kronmal, R. A. and Ives, D. G. and Saxton, J. A. and Lopez, O. L. and Burke, G. and others},
  title   = {{Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial}},
  journal = {JAMA},
  year    = {2008},
  doi     = {10.1001/jama.2008.683},
  pmid    = {19017911},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2008.683}
}

@article{wolters2020-32611641,
  author  = {Wolters, F. J. and Chibnik, L. B. and Waziry, R. and Anderson, R. and Berr, C. and Beiser, A. and Bis, J. C. and Blacker, D. and others},
  title   = {{Twenty-seven-year time trends in dementia incidence in Europe and the United States: The Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium}},
  journal = {Neurology},
  year    = {2020},
  doi     = {10.1212/wnl.0000000000010022},
  pmid    = {32611641},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000010022}
}

@article{dominguez2021-34055712,
  author  = {Dominguez, Jacqueline and Jiloca, Leo and Fowler, Krizelle Cleo and De Guzman, Ma Fe and Dominguez-Awao, Jhozel Kim and Natividad, Boots and Domingo, Jeffrey and Dominguez, Jayvee Dyne and others},
  title   = {{Dementia Incidence, Burden and Cost of Care: A Filipino Community-Based Study}},
  journal = {Frontiers in public health},
  year    = {2021},
  doi     = {10.3389/fpubh.2021.628700},
  pmid    = {34055712},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.628700}
}

@article{luchetti2024-8b280fca,
  author  = {Luchetti, M. and Aschwanden, D. and Sesker, A. A. and Zhu, X. and O'Súilleabháin, P. S. and Stephan, Y. and Terracciano, A. and Sutin, A. R.},
  title   = {{A Meta-analysis of Loneliness and Risk of Dementia using Longitudinal Data from >600,000 Individuals}},
  journal = {Nature Mental Health},
  year    = {2024}
}

@article{chen2023-37133875,
  author  = {Chen, H. and Dhana, K. and Huang, Y. and Huang, L. and Tao, Y. and Liu, X. and others},
  title   = {{Association of the Mediterranean Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet With the Risk of Dementia}},
  journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},
  year    = {2023},
  doi     = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0800},
  pmid    = {37133875},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0800}
}

@article{yaffe2024-38010725,
  author  = {Yaffe, K. and Vittinghoff, E. and Dublin, S. and Peltz, C. B. and Fleckenstein, L. E. and Rosenberg, D. E. and Barnes, D. E. and Balderson, B. H. and others},
  title   = {{Effect of Personalized Risk-Reduction Strategies on Cognition and Dementia Risk Profile Among Older Adults: The SMARRT Randomized Clinical Trial}},
  journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6279},
  pmid    = {38010725},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6279}
}

@article{mcneil2018-30221597,
  author  = {McNeil, J. J. and Wolfe, R. and Woods, R. L. and Tonkin, A. M. and Donnan, G. A. and Nelson, M. R. and Reid, C. M. and Lockery, J. E. and others},
  title   = {{Effect of Aspirin on Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding in the Healthy Elderly}},
  journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
  year    = {2018},
  doi     = {10.1056/nejmoa1805819},
  pmid    = {30221597},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1805819}
}

@article{moayyedi2019-31152740,
  author  = {Moayyedi, P. and Eikelboom, J. W. and Bosch, J. and Connolly, S. J. and Dyal, L. and Shestakovska, O. and Leong, D. and Anand, S. S. and others},
  title   = {{Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitors Based on a Large, Multi-Year, Randomized Trial of Patients Receiving Rivaroxaban or Aspirin}},
  journal = {Gastroenterology},
  year    = {2019},
  doi     = {10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.056},
  pmid    = {31152740},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.056}
}

@article{kivimaki2019-30995986,
  author  = {Kivimäki, M. and Singh-Manoux, A. and Pentti, J. and Sabia, S. and Nyberg, S. T. and Alfredsson, L. and Goldberg, M. and Knutsson, A. and others},
  title   = {{Physical inactivity, cardiometabolic disease, and risk of dementia: an individual-participant meta-analysis}},
  journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
  year    = {2019},
  doi     = {10.1136/bmj.l1495},
  pmid    = {30995986},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1495}
}

@article{areosasastre2017-28617932,
  author  = {Areosa Sastre, A. and Vernooij, R. W. and González-Colaço Harmand, M. and Martínez, G.},
  title   = {{Effect of the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia}},
  journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
  year    = {2017},
  doi     = {10.1002/14651858.cd003804.pub2},
  pmid    = {28617932},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd003804.pub2}
}

@article{ahmed2014-24610863,
  author  = {Ahmed, S. and Leurent, B. and Sampson, E. L.},
  title   = {{Risk factors for incident delirium among older people in acute hospital medical units: a systematic review and meta-analysis}},
  journal = {Age and ageing},
  year    = {2014},
  doi     = {10.1093/ageing/afu022},
  pmid    = {24610863},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu022}
}

@article{santangeli2012-22863685,
  author  = {Santangeli, P. and Di Biase, L. and Bai, R. and Mohanty, S. and Pump, A. and Cereceda Brantes, M. and Horton, R. and Burkhardt, J. D. and others},
  title   = {{Atrial fibrillation and the risk of incident dementia: a meta-analysis}},
  journal = {Heart rhythm},
  year    = {2012},
  doi     = {10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.07.026},
  pmid    = {22863685},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.07.026}
}

@article{eggink2021-34108173,
  author  = {Eggink, E. and Hafdi, M. and Hoevenaar-Blom, M. P. and Song, M. and Andrieu, S. and Barnes, L. E. and Birck, C. and Brooks, R. L. and others},
  title   = {{Prevention of dementia using mobile phone applications (PRODEMOS): protocol for an international randomised controlled trial}},
  journal = {BMJ open},
  year    = {2021},
  doi     = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049762},
  pmid    = {34108173},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049762}
}

@article{fransquet2019-30975202,
  author  = {Fransquet, P. D. and Wrigglesworth, J. and Woods, R. L. and Ernst, M. E. and Ryan, J.},
  title   = {{The epigenetic clock as a predictor of disease and mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis}},
  journal = {Clinical epigenetics},
  year    = {2019},
  doi     = {10.1186/s13148-019-0656-7},
  pmid    = {30975202},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-019-0656-7}
}

@article{radua2024-38727076,
  author  = {Radua, J. and De Prisco, M. and Oliva, V. and Fico, G. and Vieta, E. and Fusar-Poli, P.},
  title   = {{Impact of air pollution and climate change on mental health outcomes: an umbrella review of global evidence}},
  journal = {World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1002/wps.21219},
  pmid    = {38727076},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21219}
}

@article{kirkman2012-23106132,
  author  = {Kirkman, Marian Sue and Briscoe, Vanessa Jones and Clark, Nathaniel G. and Florez, Hermes J. and Haas, Linda B. and Halter, Jeffrey B. and Huang, Elbert S. and Korytkowski, Mary T. and others},
  title   = {{Diabetes in Older Adults: A Consensus Report}},
  journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
  year    = {2012},
  doi     = {10.1111/jgs.12035},
  pmid    = {23106132},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12035}
}

@article{peters2022-36282295,
  author  = {Peters, R. and Xu, Y. and Fitzgerald, O. and Aung, H. L. and Beckett, N. and Bulpitt, C. and others},
  title   = {{Blood pressure lowering and prevention of dementia: an individual patient data meta-analysis}},
  journal = {European Heart Journal},
  year    = {2022},
  doi     = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehac584},
  pmid    = {36282295},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac584}
}

@article{pendlebury2009-19782001,
  author  = {Pendlebury, S. T. and Rothwell, P. M.},
  title   = {{Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis}},
  journal = {The Lancet. Neurology},
  year    = {2009},
  doi     = {10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70236-4},
  pmid    = {19782001},
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@article{shumaker2004-15213206,
  author  = {Shumaker, S. A. and Legault, C. and Kuller, L. and Rapp, SR. and Thal, L. and Lane, D. S. and Fillit, H. and Stefanick, M. L. and others},
  title   = {{Conjugated equine estrogens and incidence of probable dementia and mild cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women: Women's Health Initiative Memory Study}},
  journal = {JAMA},
  year    = {2004},
  doi     = {10.1001/jama.291.24.2947},
  pmid    = {15213206},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.291.24.2947}
}

@article{mitchell2014-25219393,
  author  = {Mitchell, A. J. and Beaumont, H. and Ferguson, D. and Yadegarfar, M. and Stubbs, B.},
  title   = {{Risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in older people with subjective memory complaints: meta-analysis}},
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