Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Download bibliography of all 5,209 studies, highest score first: BibTeX (.bib) · RIS (.ris)
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Recent findings Mild cognitive impairment represents a transition phase between normal ageing and early Alzheimer's disease.
Why it matters
This review reports that diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities occur in frontal regions in healthy ageing, in posterior regions in Alzheimer's disease, and in similar posterior regions in mild cognitive impairment. It suggests diffusion tensor imaging has potential as an imaging marker, but does not report any treatment or prevention.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly, ranks third in health care cost after heart disease and cancer.
Why it matters
This review describes how computational anatomy techniques can detect discrete changes in cortical and hippocampal integrity and track the spread of Alzheimer's pathology in the living brain, and notes that mild cognitive impairment carries a four- to sixfold increased risk of future dementia. It presents neuroimaging as a promising disease-tracking modality and potential surrogate biomarker for trials, but tests no treatment.
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Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) disrupts our most human social and emotional functions.
Why it matters
This report proposes that behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease affect different brain networks, with frontotemporal dementia damaging social-emotional regions and Alzheimer disease sparing them until late. It is a hypothesis about disease patterns and does not test treatment or prevention.
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Neuronal loss occurred in both models, significantly more so in type 2 diabetic BBZDR/Wor rats compared with type 1 diabetic BB/Wor rats and was associated with a ninefold increase of dystrophic neurites.
Why it matters
In rats with spontaneous type 1 or type 2 diabetes, the frontal cortex showed neuronal loss and other Alzheimer-like changes. This is an animal study and does not show that diabetes causes Alzheimer's disease in people or that treating diabetes prevents it.
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The epsilon(4) allele of APOE confers a two- to fourfold increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), but LOAD pathology does not all fit neatly around APOE.
Why it matters
This genetic study examined 50 SNPs in and around APOE and found that a set of TOMM40 variants showed linkage with the epsilon 4 allele and was associated with Alzheimer's risk. However, when all variants were analyzed together, only the APOE epsilon 4 effect remained significant, which reduces the possibility that TOMM40 has a major independent effect.
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44/100
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid beta(42) (Abeta(42)) peptides and tau proteins may serve as biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why it matters
This study compared two laboratory technologies, ELISA and xMAP, for measuring amyloid beta and tau proteins in cerebrospinal fluid. It is a technical comparison study and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with major impairments in insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) gene expression and signaling in the brain.
Why it matters
In an animal model where brain insulin was depleted, early treatment with insulin-sensitizing drugs prevented neurodegeneration and learning and memory deficits. This is early animal research, so it does not yet show that such drugs treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease in people.
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Two basic discoveries have spurred research into inflammation as a driving force in the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why it matters
This review notes that a pilot trial showed promise for indomethacin as a useful therapeutic agent in Alzheimer's disease but that appropriate follow-up trials have not been done. It reports no established treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Of the simplified methods for PIB analysis examined, CAR90 provided DVR measures that were most comparable to ART90; CER90 was the most reproducible and SUVR90 produced the largest effect size.
Why it matters
Compared simpler ways to measure amyloid on PiB PET scans in 24 people (Alzheimer's, mild cognitive impairment and controls) against a method that needs arterial blood sampling. All the simplified methods told Alzheimer's apart from controls, each with different strengths, and one needs as little as 20 minutes of scan data.
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The increased tendency to fall asleep during the daytime together with increased wakefulness during the night has been demonstrated in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
This small study of 20 drug-free patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease assessed daytime sleepiness and its link to cognitive impairment. It is a descriptive study of symptoms and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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We determined whether oxidative stress is an early event in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), and correlated oxidative stress with neuropsychological functions and neurofibrillary pathology in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Why it matters
In post mortem brain tissue, oxidative stress measured by astroglial heme oxygenase-1 was already elevated in mild cognitive impairment to the same degree as in Alzheimer's disease and correlated with worse cognition. This suggests oxidative stress is an early event, but it does not show a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Neuropsychiatric symptoms seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not simply a consequence of neurodegeneration, but probably result from differential neurotransmitter alterations, which some patients are more at risk of than others.
Why it matters
In brain tissue from 22 deceased Alzheimer's patients, an imbalance between the cholinergic and serotonergic systems was related to cognitive and behavioral symptoms. This is a post-mortem study of how symptoms arise and does not test any treatment, cure or prevention.
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The need for a specialized clinical regimen for patients with dementia who require palliative care has only recently been recognized.
Why it matters
This paper describes the Abbey pain scale, a brief numerical tool to help recognize and document pain in people with end-stage dementia, where pain is consistently underdiagnosed and undertreated. It addresses palliative care management, not the treatment, cure, or prevention of Alzheimer's disease itself.
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RAVLT was administered as part of a more extensive neuropsychological battery at baseline evaluation in 116 unselected patients referred by subjective memory complaints (SMC).
Why it matters
The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was examined as an early neuropsychological marker of dementia of Alzheimer's type in patients with subjective memory complaints. This is a diagnostic tool study and provides no information on treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Most patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) exhibit diffuse plaque-only pathology with rare neocortical neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), as opposed to the widespread cortical neurofibrillary-tau involvement in Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why it matters
This study measured CSF tau, beta-amyloid, IL-1beta, and IL-6 to see whether they could help distinguish Alzheimer's disease from dementia with Lewy bodies. It is a diagnostic comparison study and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly population.
Why it matters
This review describes genes linked to Alzheimer's disease, noting that mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 genes account for less than 5% of all cases, while the remaining 95% are mostly sporadic late-onset cases with complex causes. It summarizes genetic knowledge and does not report a treatment, cure or prevention.
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The present study addresses the following major questions: 1) Are the levels of an alpha-secretase candidate (i.e., ADAM10) reduced in accessible cells of Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients? 2) Are ADAM10 levels in the peripheral cells of AD patients related to a concomitant decrease in alpha APPs?
Why it matters
Levels of the candidate alpha-secretase ADAM10 and of alpha APPs were found to be reduced in platelets and cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer's disease patients compared with controls. This is a small measurement study in accessible cells and fluid, and it does not show that raising ADAM10 would treat the disease.
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It is extensively metabolized in numerous pathways, mainly in the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, and has a low potential for clinically significant drug-drug interactions.
Why it matters
In four large randomized trials of up to 6 months, galantamine 16 and 24 mg/day improved cognitive and global function, activities of daily living, and behavior compared with placebo in people with Alzheimer's disease. These benefits were maximized by early and continued treatment and were associated with reduced caregiver burden, but the drug does not cure or prevent the disease.
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Neuroinflammation is a central feature of Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why it matters
This review describes neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease as an innate immune reaction intense enough to attack neurons, a process it calls autotoxicity. It identifies inflammatory compounds present in Alzheimer's brain but reports no treatment, cure or prevention result.
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Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-1) is a pluripotent immunomodulatory cytokine that has an initiating role in cellular and humoral immunity in the periphery.
Why it matters
This review proposes that interleukin-1 is overexpressed in Alzheimer brain and is tied to plaque formation and related processes. It suggests a role in disease but reports no treatment that cures or prevents Alzheimer's disease.
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All patients taking donepezil completed the 30 days of treatment without adverse effects.
Why it matters
A group of 30 people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's had a protein ratio in their blood platelets measured before and after 30 days, with 20 of them taking donepezil (5 mg/d), a cholinesterase inhibitor. The ratio of amyloid precursor protein forms rose in the treated group (0.77) compared with the untreated group (0.45) at follow-up, and no adverse effects were reported. The authors suggest the drug may influence how amyloid precursor protein is handled, at least in cells outside the brain.
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Why it matters
Examines the brain pathology found in nondemented aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early-stage Alzheimer's disease.
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Fatty acid differences, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have been shown in the brains of Alzheimer's patients (AD) as compared with normal age-matched individuals.
Why it matters
This study found lower levels of certain omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA, in the blood plasma of people with Alzheimer's, other dementias, and cognitive impairment compared with cognitively normal elderly people. It describes a blood difference only and does not show that changing diet or taking supplements affects the disease.
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Functional MRI has recently been used to examine activation associated with aging and dementia, yet little is known regarding the effect of cerebral atrophy on fMRI signal.
Why it matters
In this small study, Alzheimer's patients showed a positive correlation between atrophy and brain activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, while healthy controls showed no such relationship. This is about how brain imaging signals relate to atrophy in Alzheimer's, not about treating, curing or preventing the disease.
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Cholinesterase inhibitors tested in clinical trials in Europe, the United States, and Japan include fewer than 10 drugs; however, most of these compounds have advanced to clinical phase III trials.
Why it matters
This review of cholinesterase inhibitor trials involving more than 8,000 patients concludes that several of these drugs stabilize cognitive function for 6 to 12 months and improve behavioral symptoms. This is symptomatic treatment, not a cure or prevention, and the authors note the treatment is not cost neutral.
From across this topic
10 of the 5,172 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Chronic neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury: Alzheimer disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or persistent neuroinflammation?
- Applications of amyloid, tau, and neuroinflammation PET imaging to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
- The absence of ABCA1 decreases soluble ApoE levels but does not diminish amyloid deposition in two murine models of Alzheimer disease
- Defining imaging biomarker cut points for brain aging and Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's Disease and Exercise: A Literature Review
- Brain insulin resistance and deficiency as therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease
- Drug-Drug Interaction Signals Between Anti-Amyloid-β Antibodies and Antithrombotic Drugs for Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities and Intracranial Hemorrhage: A FAERS Disproportionality Analysis
- Alzheimer disease biomarkers are associated with body mass index
- Apolipoprotein E, amyloid-beta, and blood-brain barrier permeability in Alzheimer disease
- Medial temporal structures relate to memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: an MRI volumetric study