Each study has a usefulness score out of 100 (rubric version 4.0). Tap a score to see what makes it up.
Highest usefulness score first. Studies without a score come last.
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Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is primarily a neurocognitive disorder, it also results in prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS).
Why it matters
This review discusses anxiety as a common neuropsychiatric symptom in Alzheimer's disease that can be present in mild cognitive impairment and early disease and may promote progression. It describes management strategies including psychological support, behavioral management, and judicious use of medications, and notes that anxiety can worsen cognitive deficits.
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Astrocytes perform a wide variety of essential functions defining normal operation of the nervous system and are active contributors to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's among others.
Why it matters
This review describes evidence that distinct astrocyte states are associated with specific stages of Alzheimer's disease and that transcriptomics technologies enable rapid progress in characterizing these states. It is a review of pathological astrocyte states and does not report a treatment, cure, or prevention.
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Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been suggested to play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, as revealed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
Why it matters
This review discusses what is known about TREM2 biology and how it may act in microglia in Alzheimer's disease, and it lists open questions for future work. It does not report any treatment, cure or prevention.
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The differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult due to the overlaps of clinical symptoms.
Why it matters
This study developed a method using MRI brain scans to help tell apart frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease, which can be difficult to distinguish based on symptoms alone. Better differentiation could improve diagnosis, but this is a diagnostic tool rather than a treatment.
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Easily accessible biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and related neurodegenerative disorders are urgently needed in an aging society to assist early-stage diagnoses.
Why it matters
This study used blood biomarker levels and machine learning to classify different neurodegenerative disorders, with the random forest classifier best separating dementia syndromes. It is a diagnostic approach, not a treatment or cure for Alzheimer's disease.
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It is estimated that by 2030 there will be 82 million people in the world with dementia.
Why it matters
This review of 32 randomized trials found that most dietary interventions' effect on cognition in Alzheimer's disease remains inconclusive, though some nutrients showed potential, especially in early stages. Most included studies had poor methodological quality, small samples, and did not obtain significant results for all cognitive outcomes.
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Genome-wide association studies have identified many loci associated with Alzheimer's dementia.
Why it matters
This study searched for gene-gene interactions related to Alzheimer's disease pathologies in two independent cohorts. It is genetic and observational, so it does not provide a treatment or cure.
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Inheritance of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is a major risk factor for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
This paper proposes that apoE4, lacking cysteine residues, cannot scavenge the neurotoxic molecule HNE, allowing oxidative damage to neuronal proteins and contributing to Alzheimer's disease risk. This is a hypothesis about mechanism and does not demonstrate any treatment or prevention.
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49/100
Alzheimer's disease (AD) may cause damage to the memory cells permanently, which results in the form of dementia.
Why it matters
This study developed a Siamese convolutional neural network to classify dementia stages from MRI images, reporting 99.05% test accuracy on a publicly available dataset. It is a machine learning method for classifying dementia stages, not a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by a dynamic process of neurocognitive changes from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and progression to dementia.
Why it matters
This paper proposes a trajectory modelling approach to predict which people with mild cognitive impairment will decline to dementia and which will remain stable. It is a prediction modelling study, so it does not treat, cure, or prevent Alzheimer's disease.
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: Despite all scientific efforts and many protracted and expensive clinical trials, no new drug has been approved by FDA for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) since 2003.
Why it matters
This paper attributes past failures of disease-modifying treatments to factors such as late treatment initiation, inappropriate dosages, wrong targets and inadequate understanding of the disease, and notes that combination treatments may be needed. It describes changes to trial design and biomarker use, but reports no approved new treatment.
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49/100
Genome-wide association studies of late-onset Alzheimer's disease risk have previously identified genes primarily expressed in microglia that form a transcriptional network.
Why it matters
Using mouse models of amyloid deposition, this study predicted at least four new risk genes for Alzheimer's disease by comparing a microglial network with human genetic data. It is a genetic prediction study and does not test any treatment or prevention.
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are increasingly used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Why it matters
This study compared a fully automated assay with a manual assay for measuring cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and total tau for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. It is a technical performance study and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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49/100
Increasing evidence supports that cellular dysregulations in the degradative routes contribute to the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
Why it matters
This review proposes that problems in the cell's degradative routes, including autophagy and endolysosomal function, may contribute to the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease and affect amyloid-beta clearance and the spread of amyloid-beta and/or Tau seeds. It does not report testing any treatment, cure or prevention in people.
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Interest in understanding the roles of white matter (WM) inflammation and damage in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) has been growing significantly in recent years.
Why it matters
Using a diffusion-based MRI method, elevated white matter cellular diffusivity was seen in both preclinical and early symptomatic Alzheimer disease, suggesting white matter inflammation may occur earlier than white matter damage after abnormal amyloid accumulation. This is an imaging study of white matter inflammation and damage, not a treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.
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A decline in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) correlates with the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and has been associated with frontal and parietal hypometabolism, lower cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β 1-42 , and inferior temporal cortical thinning.
Why it matters
This study explored whether tau and amyloid in specific brain regions are linked to difficulty with daily activities in people with normal thinking, mild cognitive impairment, or Alzheimer's dementia. Identifying such biomarkers could help spot people at risk of decline earlier, though this was a small cross-sectional study.
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Cumulative data suggest that neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.
Why it matters
Patients with Alzheimer's disease had higher levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid compared with other groups, and these were correlated with cognitive status and progression over 12 months. This is an observational biomarker study and does not show that altering cytokines would treat or prevent the disease.
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TP42/40 demonstrated value in the identification of individuals suffering a-MCI, in the prediction of progression to dementia, and in the detection of underlying AD pathology revealed by FDG-PET, Amyloid-PET and CSF biomarkers, being, thus, consistently associated with all the well-established indicators of AD.
Why it matters
A lower plasma Aβ42/40 ratio was found in people with amnestic mild cognitive impairment compared with cognitively normal individuals and was linked to a 70% increased risk of progressing to dementia. The ratio also matched amyloid PET and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker findings, suggesting it may help identify early Alzheimer's disease in screening.
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There is no disease-modifying treatment currently available for AD, one of the more impacting neurodegenerative diseases affecting more than 47.5 million people worldwide.
Why it matters
This study trained an artificial intelligence classifier on MRI and neuropsychological measures to distinguish mild Alzheimer's disease patients who need treatment from those who do not, 24 months before definite diagnosis. The combined approach reached 85% accuracy and outperformed classification using MRI data alone.
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In the last few years, increased emphasis has been devoted to understanding the contribution of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM) to human pathology in general, and neurodegenerative diseases in particular.
Why it matters
This review discusses how altered mitochondria-associated ER membranes may explain metabolic abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease, including reduced respiratory chain activity. It proposes a possible mechanism but reports no treatment or cure.
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Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and amyloid-β (Aβ) often coexist, but their influence on neurodegeneration and cognition in predementia stages remains unclear.
Why it matters
In 271 memory clinic patients without dementia, this study looked at how cerebrovascular disease and amyloid-β relate to neurodegenerative markers and cognitive decline. It is an observational study of disease markers and progression, not a test of any treatment, cure, or prevention.
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The neurological deterioration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), involving accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides and neurofibrillary tangles, is associated with evident neuroinflammation.
Why it matters
This study used gene sequencing to look for bacteria in postmortem Alzheimer's brain tissue. It is exploratory and does not show that bacteria cause Alzheimer's disease or that treating them would help.
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49/100
Our study included 26 patients in the patient group, and age-matched and sex-matched 26 subjects in the control group.
Why it matters
This study used optical coherence tomography angiography to look for retinal vascular pathologies in 26 patients with Alzheimer's type dementia compared with 26 matched control subjects. It examines an eye imaging finding and does not treat, cure or prevent the disease.
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There are dozens of drugs in development for AD with billions of dollars invested.
Why it matters
This review examines why Alzheimer's disease drug trials keep failing, noting that there have been more setbacks and failures than treatment successes. The classes of drugs that have failed include monoclonal antibodies, gamma secretase inhibitors, dimebon, neurochemical enhancers, and one tau drug.
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Early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD), with onset in individuals younger than 65 years, although overshadowed by the more common late-onset AD (LOAD), differs significantly from LOAD.
Why it matters
This paper describes early-onset Alzheimer disease, which comprises about 5% of cases and is associated with delays in diagnosis, an aggressive course, and age-related psychosocial needs. Management is similar to late-onset disease, with emphasis on targeting affected cognitive areas and age-appropriate support, but no cure or prevention is reported.
From across this topic
10 of the 5,172 studies in this topic, picked by a fixed rule (a hash of each study's address), not by score or date; each page of this list shows a different 10. The same 10 appear here every time.
- Association between Mediterranean diet and dementia and Alzheimer disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis
- Association of muscle strength with the risk of Alzheimer disease and the rate of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older persons
- Late Life Depression is Not Associated With Alzheimer-Type Tau: Preliminary Evidence From a Next-Generation Tau Ligand PET-MR Study
- Prevalence Estimates of Amyloid Abnormality Across the Alzheimer Disease Clinical Spectrum
- 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
- Physiological variability in key Alzheimer's biomarkers in amyloid-positive clinical trial cohorts and the mechanistic basis of biomarker ratios
- Effects of liraglutide on neurodegeneration, blood flow and cognition in Alzheimer´s disease - protocol for a controlled, randomized double-blinded trial
- Diabetes mellitus and risk of developing Alzheimer disease: results from the Framingham Study
- Diagnostic accuracy of remote self-administered digital cognitive assessment by clinical diagnosis and Alzheimer's disease PET imaging biomarkers
- Interplay between innate immunity and Alzheimer disease: APOE and TREM2 in the spotlight