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55/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 55 out of 100. Long-term cohort studies

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Background Higher vitamin D status has been suggested to have beneficial effects on the brain. Objectives To investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], neuroimaging features, and the risk of dementia and stroke. Methods We used prospective data from the UK Biobank (37-73 y at baseline) to examine the association between 25(OH)D concentrations with neuroimaging outcomes (N = 33,523) and the risk of dementia and stroke (N = 427,690; 3414 and 5339 incident cases, respectively).

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Navale, S. S., Mulugeta, A., Zhou, A., Llewellyn, D. J., & Hyppönen, E. (2022). Vitamin D and brain health: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. The American journal of clinical nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac107

Vancouver

Navale SS, Mulugeta A, Zhou A, Llewellyn DJ, Hyppönen E. Vitamin D and brain health: an observational and Mendelian randomization study. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2022. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac107. PMID: 35451454.

BibTeX

@article{navale2022-35451454,
  author  = {Navale, S. S. and Mulugeta, A. and Zhou, A. and Llewellyn, D. J. and Hyppönen, E.},
  title   = {{Vitamin D and brain health: an observational and Mendelian randomization study}},
  journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
  year    = {2022},
  doi     = {10.1093/ajcn/nqac107},
  pmid    = {35451454},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac107}
}

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Key findings

Objectives To investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], neuroimaging features, and the risk of dementia and stroke.
Methods We used prospective data from the UK Biobank (37-73 y at baseline) to examine the association between 25(OH)D concentrations with neuroimaging outcomes (N = 33,523) and the risk of dementia and stroke (N = 427,690; 3414 and 5339 incident cases, respectively).
Observational analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, month, center, and socioeconomic, lifestyle, sun behavior, and illness-related factors.
Nonlinear Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to test for underlying causality for neuroimaging outcomes (N = 23,901) and dementia and stroke (N = 294,514; 2399 and 3760 cases, respectively).

Why it matters

This study used observational and Mendelian randomization analyses to examine vitamin D, brain imaging features, and risk of dementia and stroke. It does not show that taking vitamin D prevents dementia, and the findings are about associations and genetic proxies rather than treatment.

Study details

Participants33,523
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 55/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The American journal of clinical nutrition)
Journal's citation record	3 / 4	American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: journal h-index 499 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	3 / 5	2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	4 / 4	33,523 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	4 / 7	Cited 91 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	3 / 5	15.2 citations a year over 6 year(s) since 2022
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 11.0× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	3 / 4	Cited 58 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Elina Hyppönen: h-index 94 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	University of Exeter: institution h-index 905 (OpenAlex)
Multicenter collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 5 institution(s) in 3 countries
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 35451454)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	55 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

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