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Type 2 Diabetes Interacts With Alzheimer Disease Risk Factors to Predict Functional Decline
Thomas KR, Bangen KJ, Weigand AJ, Edmonds EC, Sundermann E, Wong CG, Eppig J, Werhane ML et al.. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 2020-01-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Objective The current study examined the interactive effect of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD) risk factors on the rate of functional decline in cognitively normal participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Methods Participants underwent annual assessments that included the Functional Activities Questionnaire, an informant-rated measure of everyday functioning. Multilevel modeling, controlling for demographic variables and ischemic risk, examined the interactive effects of diabetes status (diabetes, n=69; no diabetes, n=744) and AD risk factors in the prediction of 5-year longitudinal change in everyday functioning.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Thomas, K. R., Bangen, K. J., Weigand, A. J., Edmonds, E. C., Sundermann, E., Wong, C. G., et al. (2020). Type 2 Diabetes Interacts With Alzheimer Disease Risk Factors to Predict Functional Decline. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. https://doi.org/10.1097/wad.0000000000000332
Vancouver
Thomas KR, Bangen KJ, Weigand AJ, Edmonds EC, Sundermann E, Wong CG, et al. Type 2 Diabetes Interacts With Alzheimer Disease Risk Factors to Predict Functional Decline. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. 2020. doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000332. PMID: 31305320.
BibTeX
@article{thomas2020-31305320,
author = {Thomas, K. R. and Bangen, K. J. and Weigand, A. J. and Edmonds, E. C. and Sundermann, E. and Wong, C. G. and Eppig, J. and Werhane, M. L. and others},
title = {{Type 2 Diabetes Interacts With Alzheimer Disease Risk Factors to Predict Functional Decline}},
journal = {Alzheimer disease and associated disorders},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.1097/wad.0000000000000332},
pmid = {31305320},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1097/wad.0000000000000332}
}
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Key findings
- Methods Participants underwent annual assessments that included the Functional Activities Questionnaire, an informant-rated measure of everyday functioning.
- Multilevel modeling, controlling for demographic variables and ischemic risk, examined the interactive effects of diabetes status (diabetes, n=69; no diabetes, n=744) and AD risk factors in the prediction of 5-year longitudinal change in everyday functioning.
- One model was run for each AD risk factor, including: objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD), and genetic susceptibility [apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) as well as cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid (Aβ), total tau (tau), and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau).
- Results The 3-way diabetes×AD risk factor×time interaction predicted increased rates of functional decline in models that examined Obj-SCD, APOE ε4, tau, and p-tau positivity, but not Aβ positivity.
Why it matters
In cognitively normal participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, this study examined whether type 2 diabetes interacts with Alzheimer disease risk factors to predict five-year change in everyday functioning. It concerns prediction of functional decline and does not test any treatment or prevention.
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Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Participants69
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 51/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer disease and associated disorders) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders: journal h-index 131 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 2 / 5 | 2020 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 1 / 4 | 69 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 3 / 7 | Cited 29 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 3.6 citations a year over 8 year(s) since 2020 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 3.5× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 6 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Mark William Bondi: h-index 79 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | University of California San Diego: institution h-index 1,852 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 31305320) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 51 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000332
- PubMed: 31305320
- Original source →
- Free full text: PubMed Central →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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