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Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Critical Review On Cellular and Molecular Common Pathogenic Mechanisms
Arantxa Rodríguez‐Casado, María‐Isabel Álvarez, Jose Joaquín Merino, A. Tolédano, A. Tolédano. Current Alzheimer Research, 2025-02-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Both diseases exhibit common genetic, epigenetic, biochemical and physiological characteristics. Pathogenic mechanisms such as peripheral inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, formation of advanced glycation end products, neuroinflammation, neuroglial dysfunctions, and deposition of aberrant misfolded proteins are commonly displayed in dysmetabolic diseases and AD. The T2D, AD and T2D-AD pathogenic courses present several close key contacts (or identities). The clinical course of T2D has different incidence in the neurodegenerative course of AD (from its onset to its aggravation). There are theoretical, practical and interpretative problems in studies on human and experimental models, as well as in the clinical and pathological interpretation of T2D-AD dementia, which are of great importance in the development of knowledge of this subject and the therapeutic application of its results. In recent years, there has been a great advance in the study of the relationships between T2D (and related dysmetabolic diseases) and AD. There is no doubt about their close relationship and/or the inclusion of AD as a metabolic disease (T3D). Joint therapies seem to be absolutely necessary. Key pathogenic processes (insulin resistance, genetic and epigenetic regulation, peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation) must be investigated to develop new and effective therapies.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Rodríguez‐Casado, A., Álvarez, M., Merino, J. J., & Tolédano, A. (2025). Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Critical Review On Cellular and Molecular Common Pathogenic Mechanisms. Current Alzheimer Research. https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050375461250325074826
Vancouver
Rodríguez‐Casado A, Álvarez M, Merino JJ, Tolédano A. Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Critical Review On Cellular and Molecular Common Pathogenic Mechanisms. Current Alzheimer Research. 2025. doi:10.2174/0115672050375461250325074826. PMID: 40231540.
BibTeX
@article{rodriguezcasado2025-40231540,
author = {Rodríguez‐Casado, Arantxa and Álvarez, María‐Isabel and Merino, Jose Joaquín and Tolédano, A.},
title = {{Relationship between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Critical Review On Cellular and Molecular Common Pathogenic Mechanisms}},
journal = {Current Alzheimer Research},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.2174/0115672050375461250325074826},
pmid = {40231540},
url = {https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672050375461250325074826}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Both diseases exhibit common genetic, epigenetic, biochemical and physiological characteristics.
- Pathogenic mechanisms such as peripheral inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, formation of advanced glycation end products, neuroinflammation, neuroglial dysfunctions, and deposition of aberrant misfolded proteins are commonly displayed in dysmetabolic diseases and AD.
- The T2D, AD and T2D-AD pathogenic courses present several close key contacts (or identities).
- The clinical course of T2D has different incidence in the neurodegenerative course of AD (from its onset to its aggravation).
- There are theoretical, practical and interpretative problems in studies on human and experimental models, as well as in the clinical and pathological interpretation of T2D-AD dementia, which are of great importance in the development of knowledge of this subject and the therapeutic application of its results.
Why it matters
This review argues that type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's share many disease processes, such as insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and suggests joint therapies are needed. It is a review of existing knowledge and does not report a new treatment or cure.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 31/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Current Alzheimer Research) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Current Alzheimer Research: journal h-index 119 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 2 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.1× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 2 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 1 / 4 | Last-listed author A. Tolédano: h-index 19 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: institution h-index 1,048 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40231540) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 31 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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