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49/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 49 out of 100. Inflammation and the immune system

Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models

Glutamate released by activated microglia induces excitoneurotoxicity and may contribute to neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secreted from activated microglia may elicit neurodegeneration through caspase-dependent cascades and silencing cell survival signals. However, direct neurotoxicity of TNF-alpha is relatively weak, because TNF-alpha also increases production of neuroprotective factors.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Takeuchi, H., Jin, S., Wang, J., Zhang, G., Kawanokuchi, J., Kuno, R., et al. (2006). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces neurotoxicity via glutamate release from hemichannels of activated microglia in an autocrine manner. The Journal of biological chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m600504200

Vancouver

Takeuchi H, Jin S, Wang J, Zhang G, Kawanokuchi J, Kuno R, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces neurotoxicity via glutamate release from hemichannels of activated microglia in an autocrine manner. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2006. doi:10.1074/jbc.m600504200. PMID: 16720574.

BibTeX

@article{takeuchi2006-16720574,
  author  = {Takeuchi, H. and Jin, S. and Wang, J. and Zhang, G. and Kawanokuchi, J. and Kuno, R. and Sonobe, Y. and Mizuno, T. and others},
  title   = {{Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces neurotoxicity via glutamate release from hemichannels of activated microglia in an autocrine manner}},
  journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
  year    = {2006},
  doi     = {10.1074/jbc.m600504200},
  pmid    = {16720574},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m600504200}
}

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Key findings

In addition, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secreted from activated microglia may elicit neurodegeneration through caspase-dependent cascades and silencing cell survival signals.
However, direct neurotoxicity of TNF-alpha is relatively weak, because TNF-alpha also increases production of neuroprotective factors.
Accordingly, it is still controversial how TNF-alpha exerts neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases.
Here we have shown that TNF-alpha is the key cytokine that stimulates extensive microglial glutamate release in an autocrine manner by up-regulating glutaminase to cause excitoneurotoxicity.

Why it matters

This laboratory study reports that TNF-alpha released from activated microglia can trigger glutamate release and neurotoxicity. It is a cell-level mechanism study and reports no treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.

Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 49/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The Journal of biological chemistry)
Journal's citation record	4 / 4	Journal of Biological Chemistry: journal h-index 780 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	1 / 5	2006 — older than 20 years, still counted
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	6 / 7	Cited 747 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	4 / 5	34.0 citations a year over 22 year(s) since 2006
Impact for its field and year	5 / 6	Cited 20.4× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	2 / 6	Cited by 3 other studies in this library
Still being cited	3 / 4	Cited 94 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author Akio Suzumura: h-index 68 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Nagoya University: institution h-index 758 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	0 / 3	OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete)
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 16720574)
Free to read	0 / 2	Behind a paywall — scores zero
Total	49 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

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