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62/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 62 out of 100. Caregiving

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

A total of 5 721 711 patients (3 302 579 female and 2 419 132 male) with incident dementia between 2014 and 2021 were included in the study. Female patients had lower crude 1-year mortality rates (21.8% vs 27.2% for male patients; P < .001) and lower rates of all-cause hospitalizations (46.9% vs 50.5%; P < .001). The unadjusted hazard of death associated with male sex was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.29-1.31; P < .001). After adjustment for age, race and ethnicity, Medicaid dual eligibility, medical comorbidity burden, and access to health care resources, the association was modestly attenuated (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.23-1.26; P < .001). Similarly, the unadjusted hazard ratio of all-cause hospitalization associated with male sex was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.12-1.14; P < .001); the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.08-1.09; P < .001). Male patients also had increased hazards of hospice stay, neuroimaging services, and hospitalization for neurodegenerative disease diagnosis or behavioral disturbance. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, male patients with dementia had higher mortality rates and higher use of many health care services, especially hospital stays, than comparable female patients. Strategies to slow mortality and decrease health care use among male patients with dementia may be particularly impactful in limiting the burden of dementia. Given higher incidence of dementia among women, a focus on efforts to prevent dementia is necessary to achieve population-level health equity in dementia-attributable mortality by sex.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Lusk, J. B., Ford, C. B., Soneji, S. S., Blass, B., Rosa, T. D., Kaufman, B. G., et al. (2025). Sex Differences in Mortality and Health Care Utilization After Dementia Diagnosis. JAMA Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.2236

Vancouver

Lusk JB, Ford CB, Soneji SS, Blass B, Rosa TD, Kaufman BG, et al. Sex Differences in Mortality and Health Care Utilization After Dementia Diagnosis. JAMA Neurology. 2025. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.2236. PMID: 40788638.

BibTeX

@article{lusk2025-40788638,
  author  = {Lusk, Jay B. and Ford, Cassie B. and Soneji, Samir S. and Blass, Beau and Rosa, Talita D’Aguiar and Kaufman, Brystana G. and Mantri, Sneha Shivkumar and Fan, Li and others},
  title   = {{Sex Differences in Mortality and Health Care Utilization After Dementia Diagnosis}},
  journal = {JAMA Neurology},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.2236},
  pmid    = {40788638},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.2236}
}

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Key findings

A total of 5 721 711 patients (3 302 579 female and 2 419 132 male) with incident dementia between 2014 and 2021 were included in the study.
Female patients had lower crude 1-year mortality rates (21.8% vs 27.2% for male patients; P < .001) and lower rates of all-cause hospitalizations (46.9% vs 50.5%; P < .001).
The unadjusted hazard of death associated with male sex was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.29-1.31; P < .001).
After adjustment for age, race and ethnicity, Medicaid dual eligibility, medical comorbidity burden, and access to health care resources, the association was modestly attenuated (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.23-1.26; P < .001).
Similarly, the unadjusted hazard ratio of all-cause hospitalization associated with male sex was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.12-1.14; P < .001); the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.08-1.09; P < .001).

Why it matters

In this cohort study of 5,721,711 patients with incident dementia, male patients had higher mortality rates and higher use of many health care services, especially hospital stays, than comparable female patients, with an adjusted hazard ratio of death of 1.24 for male sex. It suggests strategies to slow mortality and decrease health care use among male patients may be impactful, but does not test any treatment, cure or prevention for Alzheimer's disease.

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Study details

Study designcohort study
Participants711
Effect size21.8%; 27.2%; 46.9%
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 62/100

Published in a leading specialty journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	9 / 10	Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (JAMA Neurology)
Journal's citation record	2 / 4	JAMA Neurology: journal h-index 235 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	7 / 12	A cohort study following people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	2 / 4	711 participants
Effect reported	2 / 3	Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	2 / 7	Cited 14 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	2 / 5	4.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	4 / 6	Cited 8.9× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	1 / 6	Cited by 2 other studies in this library
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 14 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Emily Claire O'Brien: h-index 49 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	2 / 3	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: institution h-index 1,674 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 5 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40788638)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	62 / 100	—

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