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51/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 51 out of 100. Disparities

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

The study population consisted of 16,981 individuals (mean age: 62.4, 51.6% female, 68.7% non-Hispanic White, 15.5% in rural areas). Rural residents had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (aRR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.17), obesity (aRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15-1.30), diabetes (aRR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.45), and hearing loss (aRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.34) compared to urban residents. Disparities were most significant among adults aged 45-64 years and in South/Midwest regions. Treatment rates for cardiometabolic conditions were high (>85%) and similar across regions, but treatment for sensory/behavioral risk factors remained low. Rural U.S. adults face higher burden of modifiable dementia risk factors, particularly cardiometabolic and sensory impairments. Targeted public health strategies are needed to address structural inequities and improve dementia prevention in rural communities.

Key findings

The study population consisted of 16,981 individuals (mean age: 62.4, 51.6% female, 68.7% non-Hispanic White, 15.5% in rural areas).
Rural residents had significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (aRR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.17), obesity (aRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15-1.30), diabetes (aRR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.45), and hearing loss (aRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.34) compared to urban residents.
Disparities were most significant among adults aged 45-64 years and in South/Midwest regions.
Treatment rates for cardiometabolic conditions were high (>85%) and similar across regions, but treatment for sensory/behavioral risk factors remained low.
Rural U.S. adults face higher burden of modifiable dementia risk factors, particularly cardiometabolic and sensory impairments.

Why it matters

Rural U.S. adults had higher rates of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and hearing loss, which are modifiable dementia risk factors, with treatment for sensory and behavioral risk factors remaining low. This cross-sectional study identifies targets for prevention strategies but does not test whether addressing them prevents dementia.

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Study details

Study designcross-sectional
Participants16,981
Effect size51.6%; 68.7%; 15.5%
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 51/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a snapshot of people at one point in time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports)
Journal's citation record	0 / 4	Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports: journal h-index 40 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	4 / 12	A snapshot of people at one point in time
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	4 / 4	16,981 participants
Effect reported	2 / 3	Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomised / blinded	0 / 2	No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	2 / 7	Cited 5 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	1 / 5	1.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025
Impact for its field and year	3 / 6	Cited 3.2× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	1 / 4	Cited 5 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	2 / 4	Last-listed author Young‐Rock Hong: h-index 28 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	1 / 3	Emory University: institution h-index 1,360 (OpenAlex)
Multi-centre collaboration	2 / 3	OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 1 country
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 41209367)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Total	51 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

APA 7th

Xie, Z., Hu, J., Stallings‐Smith, S., Kulshreshtha, A., & Hong, Y. (2025). Rural-urban differences in modifiable dementia risk factors among U.S. populations aged 45 years or older. Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports. https://doi.org/10.1177/25424823251395318

Vancouver

Xie Z, Hu J, Stallings‐Smith S, Kulshreshtha A, Hong Y. Rural-urban differences in modifiable dementia risk factors among U.S. populations aged 45 years or older. Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports. 2025. doi:10.1177/25424823251395318. PMID: 41209367.

BibTeX

@article{xie2025-41209367,
  author  = {Xie, Zhigang and Hu, Jiamin and Stallings‐Smith, Sericea and Kulshreshtha, Ambar and Hong, Young‐Rock},
  title   = {{Rural-urban differences in modifiable dementia risk factors among U.S. populations aged 45 years or older}},
  journal = {Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports},
  year    = {2025},
  doi     = {10.1177/25424823251395318},
  pmid    = {41209367},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1177/25424823251395318}
}

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