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Retracted: Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of an Exergame-Based Training Program for Enhancing Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Residing in Rural Long-Term Care Facilities: Randomized Controlled Trial
Aoyu Li, Wei Qiang, Jingwen Li, Yan Geng, Yan Qiang, Juanjuan Zhao. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2025-01-07
This paper has been retracted. The record we hold marks it as a retracted publication. Check the original source below for the retraction notice before relying on anything it reports.
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Results A total of 232 participants were recruited, including 32 (13.8%) patients with mild dementia, 18 (7.8%) with moderate dementia, and 182 (78.4%) with mild cognitive impairment, all of whom completed the study. The mixed ANOVA revealed significant group × time interactions across multiple physical flexibility assessments, including the remaining distance between the hands and toes during the forward bend (F2,156=8.484; P<.001; η²=0.098), the distance between the hands clasped behind the back (F2,156=3.666; P=.04; η²=0.045), and the angle formed by trunk rotation to the left and right (F2,156=17.353; P<.001; η²=0.182). Significant group × time interactions also emerged for shoulder joint forward flexion (F2,156=17.655; P<.001; η²=0.185), abduction (F2,156=6.281; P=.004; η²=0.075), and elbow flexion (F2,156=3.298; P=.049; η²=0.041). In addition, the time to complete the figure-of-8 walk test (F2,156=11.846; P<.001; η²=0.132) and the number of blocks moved within 1 minute (F2,156=4.016; P=.02; η²=0.049) showed significant interactions. Finally, all scale-based measures exhibited statistically significant group × time interactions (all P values <.001). Conclusions The “WarioWare: Move It!” intervention significantly improved physical flexibility, joint range of motion, motor coordination, hand dexterity, and cognitive function among older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia residing in rural LTCFs.
Key findings
- Results A total of 232 participants were recruited, including 32 (13.8%) patients with mild dementia, 18 (7.8%) with moderate dementia, and 182 (78.4%) with mild cognitive impairment, all of whom completed the study.
- The mixed ANOVA revealed significant group × time interactions across multiple physical flexibility assessments, including the remaining distance between the hands and toes during the forward bend (F2,156=8.484; P<.001; η²=0.098), the distance between the hands clasped behind the back (F2,156=3.666; P=.04; η²=0.045), and the angle formed by trunk rotation to the left and right (F2,156=17.353; P<.001; η²=0.182).
- Significant group × time interactions also emerged for shoulder joint forward flexion (F2,156=17.655; P<.001; η²=0.185), abduction (F2,156=6.281; P=.004; η²=0.075), and elbow flexion (F2,156=3.298; P=.049; η²=0.041).
- In addition, the time to complete the figure-of-8 walk test (F2,156=11.846; P<.001; η²=0.132) and the number of blocks moved within 1 minute (F2,156=4.016; P=.02; η²=0.049) showed significant interactions.
- Finally, all scale-based measures exhibited statistically significant group × time interactions (all P values <.001).
Why it matters
This randomized controlled trial found that an exergame-based training program significantly improved physical flexibility, joint range of motion, motor coordination, hand dexterity, and cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia in rural long-term care facilities. The study has been retracted, so its results should not be relied upon.
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Study details
- Participants232
- Effect size13.8%; 7.8%; 78.4%
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 16/100
Retracted — do not rely on it. It scored 32 on the same rubric, but non-peer-reviewed sources are capped at 16, so it shows as 16. Scored zero for study design because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 2 / 10 | Tier 4 — not a peer-reviewed journal (Journal of Medical Internet Research) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Not a journal article, so the journal's record does not count |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 0 / 10 | Retracted — do not rely on it. The title marks it as retracted, or it is the retraction notice itself. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 232 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 1 / 2 | Randomised (as stated in the record) |
| Times cited | 2 / 7 | Cited 10 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 3.3 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 6.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 10 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 1 / 4 | Last-listed author Juanjuan Zhao: h-index 5 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Chinese Academy of Sciences: institution h-index 1,801 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 6 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39969990) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 32 / 100 | Capped to 16 because this is not a peer-reviewed article. |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.2196/69109
- PubMed: 39969990
- Original source →
- Free full text: Journal of Medical Internet Research →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Li, A., Qiang, W., Li, J., Geng, Y., Qiang, Y., & Zhao, J. (2025). Retracted: Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of an Exergame-Based Training Program for Enhancing Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Residing in Rural Long-Term Care Facilities: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.2196/69109
Vancouver
Li A, Qiang W, Li J, Geng Y, Qiang Y, Zhao J. Retracted: Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of an Exergame-Based Training Program for Enhancing Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Residing in Rural Long-Term Care Facilities: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2025. doi:10.2196/69109. PMID: 39969990.
BibTeX
@article{li2025-39969990,
author = {Li, Aoyu and Qiang, Wei and Li, Jingwen and Geng, Yan and Qiang, Yan and Zhao, Juanjuan},
title = {{Retracted: Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of an Exergame-Based Training Program for Enhancing Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Residing in Rural Long-Term Care Facilities: Randomized Controlled Trial}},
journal = {Journal of Medical Internet Research},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.2196/69109},
pmid = {39969990},
url = {https://doi.org/10.2196/69109}
}
Studies this one cites
Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here.