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Plasma Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Cognitively Preserved Nonagenarians
Estrella Gómez-Tortosa, Pablo Agüero-Rabes, Alicia Ruiz-González, Sonia Wagner, Raquel Téllez, Ignacio Mahillo, Andrea Ruiz-Calvo, María José Sainz et al.. Aging and disease, 2024-10-30
Topic: Plasma and spinal-fluid biomarkers
Plasma biomarkers represent promising tools for the screening and diagnosis of patients with neurodegenerative conditions. However, it is crucial to account for the effects of aging on biomarker profiles, especially in the oldest segments of the population. Additionally, biomarkers in this sample can offer in vivo insights into the physiological mechanisms underlying brain aging while concomitantly supporting cognitive preservation. In this study we analyzed plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) core biomarkers, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) using the Single Molecule Array (SIMOA) platform in 75 cognitively preserved nonagenarians, and compared with baseline samples of 153 volunteers who were cognitively unimpaired (CU) during six years (classified in ≤ 70, and 71 to 85 years of age), and with 108 AD patients. Nonagenarians almost lack the APOEε4 allele, and had significantly higher Aß40, Aß42, p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP, along with a significantly lower Aß42/40 ratio (P<0.001) compared with the two CU groups. NfL and GFAP tripled concentrations in nonagenarians. No differences were noted in any plasma biomarker between the younger and older CU groups. Biomarkers correlated strongly with age only when analyzing together CU controls and nonagenarians. Compared with AD cases, nonagenarians showed lower p-tau181 (P=0.001), higher total tau (P=0.02), and much higher Aß40, Aß42 and NfL levels (P<0.001). The levels of GFAP in nonagenarians were similar to those observed in AD patients. In conclusion, cognitively preserved nonagenarians do not develop the AD biomarker signature and exhibit higher levels of Aß42. However, their threefold increase in NfL and GFAP supports their aging brains are somehow resilient to neurodegeneration. These data support caution in the prognosis of clinical dementia based on NfL and GFAP values. Overall, plasma biomarkers in CU individuals remained quite stable till the eighties.
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APA 7th
Gómez-Tortosa, E., Agüero-Rabes, P., Ruiz-González, A., Wagner, S., Téllez, R., Mahillo, I., et al. (2024). Plasma Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Cognitively Preserved Nonagenarians. Aging and disease. https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2024.1260
Vancouver
Gómez-Tortosa E, Agüero-Rabes P, Ruiz-González A, Wagner S, Téllez R, Mahillo I, et al. Plasma Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Cognitively Preserved Nonagenarians. Aging and disease. 2024. doi:10.14336/ad.2024.1260. PMID: 39571163.
BibTeX
@article{gomeztortosa2024-39571163,
author = {Gómez-Tortosa, Estrella and Agüero-Rabes, Pablo and Ruiz-González, Alicia and Wagner, Sonia and Téllez, Raquel and Mahillo, Ignacio and Ruiz-Calvo, Andrea and Sainz, María José and others},
title = {{Plasma Neurodegenerative Biomarkers in Cognitively Preserved Nonagenarians}},
journal = {Aging and disease},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.14336/ad.2024.1260},
pmid = {39571163},
url = {https://doi.org/10.14336/ad.2024.1260}
}
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Key findings
- In this study we analyzed plasma Alzheimer's disease (AD) core biomarkers, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) using the Single Molecule Array (SIMOA) platform in 75 cognitively preserved nonagenarians, and compared with baseline samples of 153 volunteers who were cognitively unimpaired (CU) during six years (classified in ≤ 70, and 71 to 85 years of age), and with 108 AD patients.
- Nonagenarians almost lack the APOEε4 allele, and had significantly higher Aß40, Aß42, p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP, along with a significantly lower Aß42/40 ratio (P<0.001) compared with the two CU groups.
- Compared with AD cases, nonagenarians showed lower p-tau181 (P=0.001), higher total tau (P=0.02), and much higher Aß40, Aß42 and NfL levels (P<0.001).
- In conclusion, cognitively preserved nonagenarians do not develop the AD biomarker signature and exhibit higher levels of Aß42.
- Overall, plasma biomarkers in CU individuals remained quite stable till the eighties.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 43/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 24 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 43 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Aging and disease) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 39571163) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 24 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 24 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 43 out of 100. |
| Total | 43 / 100 | — |
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