Long-Term Respiratory and Neurological… | 2020

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48/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 48 out of 100. Brain tissue and pathology

Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies

Plain-language summary

Since the initial reports of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in late 2019, infections from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have spread rapidly, resulting in a global pandemic that has caused millions of deaths. Initially, the large number of infected people required the direction of global healthcare resources to provide supportive care for the acutely ill population in an attempt to reduce mortality. While clinical trials for safe and effective antiviral agents are ongoing, and vaccine development programs are being accelerated, long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become increasingly recognized and concerning.

What this study adds

Evidence grade: Low

This is a narrative review. This paper discusses long-term respiratory and neurological sequelae of COVID-19, noting that these are increasingly recognized and concerning. It does not study Alzheimer's disease treatment, cure, or prevention.

Taken from this record’s own fields, not from reading the paper. The grade is assigned from the abstract’s wording; what that means.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Wang, F., Kream, R. M., & Stefano, G. B. (2020). Long-Term Respiratory and Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.928996

Vancouver

Wang F, Kream RM, Stefano GB. Long-Term Respiratory and Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2020. doi:10.12659/msm.928996. PMID: 33177481.

BibTeX

@article{wang2020-33177481,
  author  = {Wang, F. and Kream, R. M. and Stefano, G. B.},
  title   = {{Long-Term Respiratory and Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19}},
  journal = {Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research},
  year    = {2020},
  doi     = {10.12659/msm.928996},
  pmid    = {33177481},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.928996}
}

Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.

How to read this study

Design: this is a narrative review. It summarises a field without a fixed search method, so it shows how authors read the evidence rather than measuring it. Use it to find the primary studies, not as a result in itself.
Size: the record gives no participant count. Look for one in the original before trusting a pattern.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

Initially, the large number of infected people required the direction of global healthcare resources to provide supportive care for the acutely ill population in an attempt to reduce mortality.
While clinical trials for safe and effective antiviral agents are ongoing, and vaccine development programs are being accelerated, long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become increasingly recognized and concerning.
Although the upper and lower respiratory tracts are the main sites of entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the body, resulting in COVID-19 pneumonia as the most common presentation, acute lung damage may be followed by pulmonary fibrosis and chronic impairment of lung function, with impaired quality of life.
Also, increasing reports have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection involves the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and directly or indirectly damages neurons, leading to long-term neurological sequelae.

Why it matters

This paper discusses long-term respiratory and neurological sequelae of COVID-19, noting that these are increasingly recognized and concerning. It does not study Alzheimer's disease treatment, cure, or prevention.

Study details

Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 48/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on institution's track record, so that was left out: it earned 47 of the 97 points we could judge it on, which is 48 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research)
Journal's citation record	1 / 4	Medical Science Monitor: journal h-index 100 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29)
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	2 / 5	2020 — within 10 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	0 / 4	Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	0 / 3	Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	6 / 7	Cited 429 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10)
Citations per year	5 / 5	53.6 citations a year over 8 year(s) since 2020
Impact for its field and year	5 / 6	Cited 31.8× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI)
Cited by studies here	0 / 6	No other study in this library cites it
Still being cited	3 / 4	Cited 85 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex)
Senior author's track record	3 / 4	Last-listed author George B. Stefano: h-index 77 (OpenAlex, whole career)
Institution's track record	— / 3	No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score
Multicenter collaboration	0 / 3	OpenAlex lists 0 institution(s) in 0 countries — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete)
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 33177481)
Free to read	2 / 2	Free to read
Points	47 / 97	Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 47 of the 97 points we could judge it on is 48 out of 100.
Total	48 / 100	—

What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →

Read the original

Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).

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