Home › Research › Disease mechanisms
Influence of co-pathology on CSF and plasma synaptic markers SNAP25 and VAMP2 in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease
Lorenzo Gaetani, Giovanni Bellomo, Davide Chiasserini, Charlotte De Rocker, Julie Goossens, Federico Paolini Paoletti, Eugeen Vanmechelen, Lucilla Parnetti. Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, 2025-05-22
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
CSF and plasma SNAP25 were positively correlated, but no correlation was observed for VAMP2 in these matrices. CSF and plasma SNAP25 and CSF VAMP2 were higher in AD compared to PD and OND. Synaptic markers were elevated in preclinical AD and remained stable across MCI-AD and AD dementia stages. AD patients with CSF αS-SAA positivity showed no significant difference in synaptic markers compared to those without CSF αS-SAA positivity, independent of clinical stage. In PD, A+/T + patients had higher CSF and plasma SNAP25 (132.3 ± 41.6; 1.9 ± 0.5 pg/mL) compared to non-A+/T + PD (105.4 ± 34.2; 1.3 ± 0.3 pg/mL) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). SNAP25 reliably serves as a marker of synaptic injury when measured in both CSF and plasma, whereas VAMP2 demonstrates reliability exclusively in CSF. Both markers are primarily influenced by AD pathology and remain unaffected by α-synucleinopathy, suggesting their potential in detecting AD-related synaptic dysfunction.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Gaetani, L., Bellomo, G., Chiasserini, D., De Rocker, C., Goossens, J., Paoletti, F. P., et al. (2025). Influence of co-pathology on CSF and plasma synaptic markers SNAP25 and VAMP2 in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Alzheimer s Research & Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01762-2
Vancouver
Gaetani L, Bellomo G, Chiasserini D, De Rocker C, Goossens J, Paoletti FP, et al. Influence of co-pathology on CSF and plasma synaptic markers SNAP25 and VAMP2 in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Alzheimer s Research & Therapy. 2025. doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01762-2. PMID: 40405270.
BibTeX
@article{gaetani2025-40405270,
author = {Gaetani, Lorenzo and Bellomo, Giovanni and Chiasserini, Davide and De Rocker, Charlotte and Goossens, Julie and Paoletti, Federico Paolini and Vanmechelen, Eugeen and Parnetti, Lucilla},
title = {{Influence of co-pathology on CSF and plasma synaptic markers SNAP25 and VAMP2 in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease}},
journal = {Alzheimer s Research \& Therapy},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1186/s13195-025-01762-2},
pmid = {40405270},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-025-01762-2}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- CSF and plasma SNAP25 were positively correlated, but no correlation was observed for VAMP2 in these matrices.
- CSF and plasma SNAP25 and CSF VAMP2 were higher in AD compared to PD and OND.
- Synaptic markers were elevated in preclinical AD and remained stable across MCI-AD and AD dementia stages.
- AD patients with CSF αS-SAA positivity showed no significant difference in synaptic markers compared to those without CSF αS-SAA positivity, independent of clinical stage.
- In PD, A+/T + patients had higher CSF and plasma SNAP25 (132.3 ± 41.6; 1.9 ± 0.5 pg/mL) compared to non-A+/T + PD (105.4 ± 34.2; 1.3 ± 0.3 pg/mL) (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively).
Why it matters
The synaptic markers SNAP25 and VAMP2 were higher in Alzheimer's disease than in Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders, and were not affected by alpha-synucleinopathy. This supports their use for detecting Alzheimer's-related synaptic dysfunction, but the study does not test any treatment.
Study details
- Participants80
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 45/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Alzheimer s Research & Therapy) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | Alzheimer s Research & Therapy: journal h-index 146 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 1 / 4 | 80 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 2 / 7 | Cited 14 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 2 / 5 | 4.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 7.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 2 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 14 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Lucilla Parnetti: h-index 86 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | University of Perugia: institution h-index 747 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40405270) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Total | 45 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1186/s13195-025-01762-2
- PubMed: 40405270
- Original source →
- Free full text: Alzheimer s Research & Therapy →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Related
Studies in the library that share something with this one. The line above each title says what.
Studies this one cites
Referenced by this study and also in the alzhub library, so you can read them here.
Later studies that cite this one
2 studies in the alzhub library list this one in their references.
Related studies in Disease mechanisms
Also tagged “cerebrospinal”
821 studies in the library carry the topic tag “cerebrospinal”; these are this study's neighbours in a fixed, alphabetical-by-hash tour of them, not the closest in content. All 821 tagged studies.