Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
Frisoni GB, Frisoni GB, Calabresi L, Geroldi C, Bianchetti A, D'Acquarica AL, Govoni S, Sirtori CR et al.. Dementia (Basel, Switzerland), 1994-09-01
Topic: Amyloid, tau and blood-test diagnosis
Plain-language summary
The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) is increased in familial and sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease, but its prevalence in non-Alzheimer dementias in Caucasian populations is unknown. We found that the frequency of the apoE epsilon 4 allele was 0.45 in 93 Alzheimer's disease patients, 0.46 in 23 vascular dementia patients, 0.31 in 13 dementia of the frontal type patients, and 0.18 in 51 elderly controls. The association of apoE epsilon 4 allele is not unique to Alzheimer's disease, and its importance as a risk factor for the disease should be reconsidered.
What this study adds
Evidence grade: Low
This study found that the APOE ε4 allele was common not only in Alzheimer disease patients but also in those with vascular dementia and frontal-type dementia. The authors conclude that APOE ε4 is not unique to Alzheimer disease and its role as a risk factor should be reconsidered.
Taken from this record’s own fields, not from reading the paper. The grade is assigned from the abstract’s wording; what that means.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Frisoni, G. B., Calabresi, L., Geroldi, C., Bianchetti, A., D'Acquarica, A. L., Govoni, S., et al. (1994). Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Dementia (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.1159/000106730
Vancouver
Frisoni GB, Calabresi L, Geroldi C, Bianchetti A, D'Acquarica AL, Govoni S, et al. Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Dementia (Basel, Switzerland). 1994. doi:10.1159/000106730. PMID: 7951679.
BibTeX
@article{frisoni1994-7951679,
author = {Frisoni, G. B. and Calabresi, L. and Geroldi, C. and Bianchetti, A. and D'Acquarica, A. L. and Govoni, S. and Sirtori, C. R. and others},
title = {{Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia}},
journal = {Dementia (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {1994},
doi = {10.1159/000106730},
pmid = {7951679},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1159/000106730}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- We found that the frequency of the apoE epsilon 4 allele was 0.45 in 93 Alzheimer's disease patients, 0.46 in 23 vascular dementia patients, 0.31 in 13 dementia of the frontal type patients, and 0.18 in 51 elderly controls.
Why it matters
This study found that the APOE ε4 allele was common not only in Alzheimer disease patients but also in those with vascular dementia and frontal-type dementia. The authors conclude that APOE ε4 is not unique to Alzheimer disease and its role as a risk factor should be reconsidered.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 38/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, so that was left out: it earned 36 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 38 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Dementia (Basel, Switzerland)) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1994 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 4 / 7 | Cited 93 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 2.7 citations a year over 34 year(s) since 1994 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 7.9× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 3 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 0 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 3 / 4 | Last-listed author Guido Franceschini: h-index 58 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | University of Milan: institution h-index 1,023 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 3 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 7951679) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 36 / 96 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 36 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 38 out of 100. |
| Total | 38 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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