Home › Research › Biomarkers
Increased Peroxynitrite Activity in AIDS Dementia Complex: Implications for the Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection
Leonie A. Boven, Lucio Gomes, Christiane Héry, Françoise Gray, J. Verhoef, Peter Portegies, Marc Tardieu, Hans S.L.M. Nottet. The Journal of Immunology, 1999-04-01
Topic: Inflammation, microglia and astrocytes
Oxidative stress is suggested to be involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. One mechanism of oxidative damage is mediated by peroxynitrite, a neurotoxic reaction product of superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Expression of two cytokines and two key enzymes that are indicative of the presence of reactive oxygen intermediates and peroxynitrite was investigated in brain tissue of AIDS patients with and without AIDS dementia complex and HIV-seronegative controls. RNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was found to be significantly higher in demented compared with nondemented patients. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that SOD was expressed in CD68-positive microglial cells while inducible nitric oxide synthase was detected in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and in equal amounts in microglial cells. Approximately 70% of the HIV p24-Ag-positive macrophages did express SOD, suggesting a direct HIV-induced intracellular event. HIV-1 infection of macrophages resulted in both increased superoxide anion production and elevated SOD mRNA levels, compared with uninfected macrophages. Finally, we show that nitrotyrosine, the footprint of peroxynitrite, was found more intense and frequent in brain sections of demented patients compared with nondemented patients. These results indicate that, as a result of simultaneous production of superoxide anion and nitric oxide, peroxynitrite may contribute to the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Key findings
- RNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was found to be significantly higher in demented compared with nondemented patients.
- Immunohistochemical analysis showed that SOD was expressed in CD68-positive microglial cells while inducible nitric oxide synthase was detected in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and in equal amounts in microglial cells.
- HIV-1 infection of macrophages resulted in both increased superoxide anion production and elevated SOD mRNA levels, compared with uninfected macrophages.
- Finally, we show that nitrotyrosine, the footprint of peroxynitrite, was found more intense and frequent in brain sections of demented patients compared with nondemented patients.
- These results indicate that, as a result of simultaneous production of superoxide anion and nitric oxide, peroxynitrite may contribute to the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Blood tests & biomarkers →
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 40/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 40 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (The Journal of Immunology) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1999 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 10201964) |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 23 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 23 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 40 out of 100. |
| Total | 40 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Boven, L. A., Gomes, L., Héry, C., Gray, F., Verhoef, J., Portegies, P., et al. (1999). Increased Peroxynitrite Activity in AIDS Dementia Complex: Implications for the Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.4319
Vancouver
Boven LA, Gomes L, Héry C, Gray F, Verhoef J, Portegies P, et al. Increased Peroxynitrite Activity in AIDS Dementia Complex: Implications for the Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection. The Journal of Immunology. 1999. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.4319. PMID: 10201964.
BibTeX
@article{boven1999-10201964,
author = {Boven, Leonie A. and Gomes, Lucio and Héry, Christiane and Gray, Françoise and Verhoef, J. and Portegies, Peter and Tardieu, Marc and Nottet, Hans S.L.M.},
title = {{Increased Peroxynitrite Activity in AIDS Dementia Complex: Implications for the Neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection}},
journal = {The Journal of Immunology},
year = {1999},
doi = {10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.4319},
pmid = {10201964},
url = {https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.4319}
}