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Immune Pathways in Etiology, Acute Phase, and Chronic Sequelae of Ischemic Stroke
Endres M, Moro MA, Nolte CH, Dames C, Buckwalter MS, Meisel A.. Circulation research, 2022-04-14
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Inflammation and immune mechanisms are crucially involved in the pathophysiology of the development, acute damage cascades, and chronic course after ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and, in addition to classical risk factors, maladaptive immune mechanisms lead to an increased risk of stroke. Accordingly, individuals with signs of inflammation or corresponding biomarkers have an increased risk of stroke.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Endres, M., Moro, M. A., Nolte, C. H., Dames, C., Buckwalter, M. S., & Meisel, A. (2022). Immune Pathways in Etiology, Acute Phase, and Chronic Sequelae of Ischemic Stroke. Circulation research. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.319994
Vancouver
Endres M, Moro MA, Nolte CH, Dames C, Buckwalter MS, Meisel A. Immune Pathways in Etiology, Acute Phase, and Chronic Sequelae of Ischemic Stroke. Circulation research. 2022. doi:10.1161/circresaha.121.319994. PMID: 35420915.
BibTeX
@article{endres2022-35420915,
author = {Endres, M. and Moro, M. A. and Nolte, C. H. and Dames, C. and Buckwalter, M. S. and Meisel, A.},
title = {{Immune Pathways in Etiology, Acute Phase, and Chronic Sequelae of Ischemic Stroke}},
journal = {Circulation research},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1161/circresaha.121.319994},
pmid = {35420915},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.121.319994}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and, in addition to classical risk factors, maladaptive immune mechanisms lead to an increased risk of stroke.
- Accordingly, individuals with signs of inflammation or corresponding biomarkers have an increased risk of stroke.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as IL (interleukin)-1β blockers, methotrexate, or colchicine, represent attractive treatment strategies to prevent vascular events and stroke.
- Lately, the COVID-19 pandemic shows a clear association between SARS-CoV2 infections and increased risk of cerebrovascular events.
Why it matters
This review covers immune mechanisms in ischemic stroke and notes that anti-inflammatory drugs are being considered to prevent vascular events. It is about stroke, not Alzheimer's disease, and does not show any Alzheimer's treatment or prevention.
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 55/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record, so that was left out: it earned 53 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 55 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Circulation research) |
| Journal's citation record | 4 / 4 | Circulation Research: journal h-index 507 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2022 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 6 / 7 | Cited 341 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 5 / 5 | 56.8 citations a year over 6 year(s) since 2022 |
| Impact for its field and year | 4 / 6 | Cited 18.8× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 1 / 6 | Cited by 1 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 4 / 4 | Cited 273 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | 3 / 3 | Stanford University: institution h-index 2,684 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 3 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 13 institution(s) in 3 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 35420915) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 53 / 96 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 53 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 55 out of 100. |
| Total | 55 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
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