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54/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 54 out of 100. Brain scans and imaging

Topic: Plasma and spinal-fluid biomarkers

Plain-language summary

This study investigates various pathological tau isoforms in the retina of individuals with early and advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD), exploring their connection with disease status. Retinal cross-sections from predefined superior-temporal and inferior-temporal subregions and corresponding brains from neuropathologically confirmed AD patients with a clinical diagnosis of either mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia (n = 45) were compared with retinas from age- and sex-matched individuals with normal cognition (n = 30) and non-AD dementia (n = 4). Retinal tau isoforms, including tau tangles, paired helical filament of tau (PHF-tau), oligomeric-tau (Oligo-tau), hyperphosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and citrullinated-tau (Cit-tau), were stereologically analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Nanostring GeoMx digital spatial profiling, and correlated with clinical and neuropathological outcomes. Our data indicated significant increases in various AD-related pretangle tau isoforms, especially p-tau (AT8, 2.9-fold, pS396-tau, 2.6-fold), Cit-tau at arginine residue 209 (CitR209-tau; 4.1-fold), and Oligo-tau (T22+, 9.2-fold), as well as pretangle and mature tau tangle forms like MC-1-positive (1.8-fold) and PHF-tau (2.3-fold), in AD compared to control retinas. MCI retinas also exhibited substantial increases in Oligo-tau (5.2-fold), CitR209-tau (3.5-fold), and pS396-tau (2.2-fold). Nanostring GeoMx analysis confirmed elevated retinal p-tau at epitopes: Ser214 (2.3-fold), Ser396 (2.6-fold), Ser404 (2.4-fold), and Thr231 (1.8-fold), particularly in MCI patients. Strong associations were found between retinal tau isoforms versus brain pathology and cognitive status: a) retinal Oligo-tau vs. Braak stage, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and CDR cognitive scores (ρ = 0.63-0.71), b) retinal PHF-tau vs. neuropil threads (NTs) and ABC scores (ρ = 0.69-0.71), and c) retinal pS396-tau vs. NTs, NFTs, and ABC scores (ρ = 0.67-0.74). Notably, retinal Oligo-tau strongly correlated with retinal Aβ42 and arterial Aβ40 forms (r = 0.76-0.86). Overall, this study identifies and quantifies diverse retinal tau isoforms in MCI and AD patients, underscoring their link to brain pathology and cognition. These findings advocate for further exploration of retinal tauopathy biomarkers to facilitate AD detection and monitoring via noninvasive retinal imaging.

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APA 7th

Shi, H., Mirzaei, N., Koronyo, Y., Davis, M. R., Robinson, E., Braun, G. M., et al. (2024). Identification of retinal oligomeric, citrullinated, and other tau isoforms in early and advanced AD and relations to disease status. Acta neuropathologica. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-024-02760-8

Vancouver

Shi H, Mirzaei N, Koronyo Y, Davis MR, Robinson E, Braun GM, et al. Identification of retinal oligomeric, citrullinated, and other tau isoforms in early and advanced AD and relations to disease status. Acta neuropathologica. 2024. doi:10.1007/s00401-024-02760-8. PMID: 38980423.

BibTeX

@article{shi2024-38980423,
  author  = {Shi, Haoshen and Mirzaei, Nazanin and Koronyo, Yosef and Davis, Miyah R and Robinson, Edward and Braun, Gila M and Jallow, Ousman and Rentsendorj, Altan and others},
  title   = {{Identification of retinal oligomeric, citrullinated, and other tau isoforms in early and advanced AD and relations to disease status}},
  journal = {Acta neuropathologica},
  year    = {2024},
  doi     = {10.1007/s00401-024-02760-8},
  pmid    = {38980423},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-024-02760-8}
}

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Size: the record lists 45 participants. Ask whether that is enough for the question, and who they were.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded low. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Low means the abstract matched neither pattern. It is the default label, and it does not mean the work is poor; many sound lab and imaging papers land here. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

Retinal cross-sections from predefined superior-temporal and inferior-temporal subregions and corresponding brains from neuropathologically confirmed AD patients with a clinical diagnosis of either mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia (n = 45) were compared with retinas from age- and sex-matched individuals with normal cognition (n = 30) and non-AD dementia (n = 4).
Our data indicated significant increases in various AD-related pretangle tau isoforms, especially p-tau (AT8, 2.9-fold, pS396-tau, 2.6-fold), Cit-tau at arginine residue 209 (CitR209-tau; 4.1-fold), and Oligo-tau (T22+, 9.2-fold), as well as pretangle and mature tau tangle forms like MC-1-positive (1.8-fold) and PHF-tau (2.3-fold), in AD compared to control retinas.
Strong associations were found between retinal tau isoforms versus brain pathology and cognitive status: a) retinal Oligo-tau vs.
Overall, this study identifies and quantifies diverse retinal tau isoforms in MCI and AD patients, underscoring their link to brain pathology and cognition.
These findings advocate for further exploration of retinal tauopathy biomarkers to facilitate AD detection and monitoring via noninvasive retinal imaging.

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Study details

Participants45
Evidence strengthLow

How this study scored 54/100

Published in a leading specialty journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multicenter collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 30 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 54 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	9 / 10	Tier 2 — leading specialty journal (Acta neuropathologica)
Journal's citation record	— / 4	No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score
Study design	0 / 12	No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Strength of evidence	1 / 5	Rated “low” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	4 / 5	2024 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	1 / 4	45 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	— / 7	No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score
Citations per year	— / 5	No citation count or no year — left out of this score
Impact for its field and year	— / 6	No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score
Cited by studies here	— / 6	Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score
Still being cited	— / 4	No yearly citation counts — left out of this score
Senior author's track record	— / 4	Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record	— / 3	No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score
Multicenter collaboration	— / 3	Institutions not listed — left out of this score
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 38980423)
Free to read	— / 2	Access not recorded — left out of this score
Points	30 / 56	Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 30 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 54 out of 100.
Total	54 / 100	—

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