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Hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions found in asphyxiating neonates
Nakamura Y, Nakashima T, Fukuda S, Nakashima H, Hashimoto T.. Acta pathologica japonica, 1986-04-01
Topic: Brain proteins, microglia and lab models
Early hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions were examined regarding 26 autopsy cases which had severe asphyxia at birth and died within the first week. All cases were divided into three groups according to the birth weight: group A of less than 1,000 grams, group B of 1,001-2,500 grams, and group C of more than 2,501 grams. Neocortical and deep gray matter revealed pyknotic and karyorrhectic neuronal changes; however, in group A, these changes tended to be obscure. The hippocampus was the predictive site of the neuronal changes such as pyknotic neurons in Sommer's sector and karyorrhectic neurons in subiculum. In 12 cases, pontosubicular-type necrosis was found. White matter lesions were relatively characteristic and there was an early appearance of pathological astrocytes such as gemistocytic, Alzheimer-type 2 and stellate astrocytes, periventricular leukomalacia with or without hemorrhage. The brain stem and cerebellar lesions were also found occasionally revealing neuronal or glial changes. We applied the immunoperoxidase method using antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein for determination of pathological astrocytes. GFAP was a useful marker for pathological astrocytes in the subpial region and in the white matter. S-100 protein was present in Bergmann's glia and satellite glia as well as pathological astrocytes.
Key findings
- Neocortical and deep gray matter revealed pyknotic and karyorrhectic neuronal changes; however, in group A, these changes tended to be obscure.
Why it matters
This autopsy study describes early brain damage patterns in newborns who died after severe asphyxia at birth. It is about birth-related brain injury and does not address treating, curing, or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
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Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 27/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Acta pathologica japonica) |
| Journal's citation record | 0 / 4 | Acta Pathologica Japonica: journal h-index 52 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 1986 — older than 20 years, still counted |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 3 / 7 | Cited 24 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.6 citations a year over 42 year(s) since 1986 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.6× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 2 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 1 / 4 | Last-listed author Takeo Hashimoto: h-index 19 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 0 / 3 | Kurume University: institution h-index 410 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 3728012) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 27 / 100 | — |
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Read the original
May need a subscription Unpaywall, Europe PMC and OpenAlex found no free copy of the full text (checked 10 Oct 2026), so the publisher may charge for it. The PubMed abstract is free.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Nakamura, Y., Nakashima, T., Fukuda, S., Nakashima, H., & Hashimoto, T. (1986). Hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions found in asphyxiating neonates. Acta pathologica japonica. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.1986.tb01044.x
Vancouver
Nakamura Y, Nakashima T, Fukuda S, Nakashima H, Hashimoto T. Hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions found in asphyxiating neonates. Acta pathologica japonica. 1986. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1986.tb01044.x. PMID: 3728012.
BibTeX
@article{nakamura1986-3728012,
author = {Nakamura, Y. and Nakashima, T. and Fukuda, S. and Nakashima, H. and Hashimoto, T.},
title = {{Hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions found in asphyxiating neonates}},
journal = {Acta pathologica japonica},
year = {1986},
doi = {10.1111/j.1440-1827.1986.tb01044.x},
pmid = {3728012},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.1986.tb01044.x}
}