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Four sensitive screening tools to detect cognitive dysfunction in geriatric emergency department patients: brief Alzheimer's Screen, Short Blessed Test, Ottawa 3DY, and the caregiver-completed AD8
Carpenter CR, Bassett ER, Fischer GM, Shirshekan J, Galvin JE, Morris JC.. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 2011-04-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Background Cognitive dysfunction, including dementia and delirium, is prevalent in geriatric emergency department (ED) patients, but often remains undetected. One barrier to reliable identification of acutely or chronically impaired cognitive function is the lack of an acceptable screening tool. While multiple brief screening instruments have been derived, ED validation trials have not previously demonstrated tools that are appropriately sensitive for clinical use.
Key findings
- One barrier to reliable identification of acutely or chronically impaired cognitive function is the lack of an acceptable screening tool.
- While multiple brief screening instruments have been derived, ED validation trials have not previously demonstrated tools that are appropriately sensitive for clinical use.
- Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate and compare the Ottawa 3DY (O3DY), Brief Alzheimer's Screen (BAS), Short Blessed Test (SBT), and caregiver-completed AD8 (cAD8) diagnostic test performance for cognitive dysfunction in geriatric ED patients using the Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) as the criterion standard.
- A secondary objective was to assess the diagnostic accuracy for the cAD8 (which is an informant-based instrument) when used in combination with the other performance-based screening tools.
Why it matters
This cohort study compared four brief screening tools for detecting cognitive dysfunction in geriatric emergency department patients. It is about detecting cognitive problems in the emergency department, not about treating, curing or preventing Alzheimer's disease.
Study details
- Study designcohort study
- Participants163
- Effect size5.5%
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 61/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a cohort study following people over time. Scored zero for randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Academic Emergency Medicine: journal h-index 177 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A cohort study following people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2011 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 163 participants |
| Effect reported | 2 / 3 | Effect reported as a number, without an interval or test |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 5 / 7 | Cited 194 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 3 / 5 | 11.4 citations a year over 17 year(s) since 2011 |
| Impact for its field and year | 3 / 6 | Cited 6.7× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 2 / 6 | Cited by 3 other studies in this library |
| Still being cited | 2 / 4 | Cited 27 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 4 / 4 | Last-listed author John C. Morris: h-index 209 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 2 / 3 | Washington University in St. Louis: institution h-index 1,962 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 1 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 2 institution(s) in 1 country |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 21496140) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 61 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
- DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01040.x
- PubMed: 21496140
- Original source →
- Free full text: PubMed Central →
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Carpenter, C. R., Bassett, E. R., Fischer, G. M., Shirshekan, J., Galvin, J. E., & Morris, J. C. (2011). Four sensitive screening tools to detect cognitive dysfunction in geriatric emergency department patients: brief Alzheimer's Screen, Short Blessed Test, Ottawa 3DY, and the caregiver-completed AD8. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01040.x
Vancouver
Carpenter CR, Bassett ER, Fischer GM, Shirshekan J, Galvin JE, Morris JC. Four sensitive screening tools to detect cognitive dysfunction in geriatric emergency department patients: brief Alzheimer's Screen, Short Blessed Test, Ottawa 3DY, and the caregiver-completed AD8. Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. 2011. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01040.x. PMID: 21496140.
BibTeX
@article{carpenter2011-21496140,
author = {Carpenter, C. R. and Bassett, E. R. and Fischer, G. M. and Shirshekan, J. and Galvin, J. E. and Morris, J. C.},
title = {{Four sensitive screening tools to detect cognitive dysfunction in geriatric emergency department patients: brief Alzheimer's Screen, Short Blessed Test, Ottawa 3DY, and the caregiver-completed AD8}},
journal = {Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01040.x},
pmid = {21496140},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01040.x}
}
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