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Ethnic Disparities and Inequalities in Dementia Care: An Extended Literature Review
Anita Okeoghene Ighomereho. BJPsych Open, 2025-06-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Plain-language summary
Across the literature, it is evident that health inequalities currently exist and exacerbate the disparities in the care of BAME dementia patients. These inequalities can affect quality of care and lead to overall poorer outcomes for people from BAME backgrounds. Multiple risk factors for dementia such as hypertension and diabetes disproportionately affect Black and South Asian people. Delayed diagnosis and underdiagnosis of dementia in BAME groups can be attributed to multiple barriers to accessing dementia diagnostic services such as stigma, lack of knowledge, misperceptions, language barriers and cultural beliefs. In secondary care, patients from BAME groups are younger and have greater severity of dementia at the time of diagnosis. Survival time following a dementia diagnosis can vary across different ethnic groups. However, there are contrasting findings between studies. Further research is required to investigate these contradictory findings to clarify how survival time post-diagnosis is affected by ethnic background. Across multiple studies, data from large ethnic groups such as South Asian or Black are combined without taking into account the diverse subgroups within these larger groups. Further research is required within ethnic subgroups to provide a more person-centred approach. There is a need to tackle the ethnic disparities in dementia care faced by South Asian and Black people in the UK. This requires action and collaboration between people from BAME communities, healthcare professionals and policymakers, in order to improve timely access to services. Further research should address the disparities to ensure equitable and inclusive dementia healthcare.
What this study adds
Evidence grade: Low
This review reports that health inequalities worsen care and outcomes for Black, Asian, and minority ethnic dementia patients, with delayed diagnosis and underdiagnosis linked to stigma, language barriers, and cultural beliefs. It calls for further research and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
Taken from this record’s own fields, not from reading the paper. The grade is assigned from the abstract’s wording; what that means.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Ighomereho, A. O. (2025). Ethnic Disparities and Inequalities in Dementia Care: An Extended Literature Review. BJPsych Open. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.10090
Vancouver
Ighomereho AO. Ethnic Disparities and Inequalities in Dementia Care: An Extended Literature Review. BJPsych Open. 2025. doi:10.1192/bjo.2025.10090.
BibTeX
@article{ighomereho2025-91e988dd,
author = {Ighomereho, Anita Okeoghene},
title = {{Ethnic Disparities and Inequalities in Dementia Care: An Extended Literature Review}},
journal = {BJPsych Open},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1192/bjo.2025.10090},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.10090}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Across the literature, it is evident that health inequalities currently exist and exacerbate the disparities in the care of BAME dementia patients.
- These inequalities can affect quality of care and lead to overall poorer outcomes for people from BAME backgrounds.
- Multiple risk factors for dementia such as hypertension and diabetes disproportionately affect Black and South Asian people.
- Delayed diagnosis and underdiagnosis of dementia in BAME groups can be attributed to multiple barriers to accessing dementia diagnostic services such as stigma, lack of knowledge, misperceptions, language barriers and cultural beliefs.
- In secondary care, patients from BAME groups are younger and have greater severity of dementia at the time of diagnosis.
Why it matters
This review reports that health inequalities worsen care and outcomes for Black, Asian, and minority ethnic dementia patients, with delayed diagnosis and underdiagnosis linked to stigma, language barriers, and cultural beliefs. It calls for further research and does not test any treatment, cure, or prevention.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Disparities →
Study details
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 31/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on senior author's track record, so that was left out: it earned 30 of the 96 points we could judge it on, which is 31 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (BJPsych Open) |
| Journal's citation record | 1 / 4 | BJPsych Open: journal h-index 75 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomized / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 2 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 0 / 5 | 0.7 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.3× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 0 / 4 | Cited 2 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | OpenAlex's profile for last-listed author Anita Okeoghene Ighomereho holds only 1 work(s), too few to judge a track record — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | University of Nottingham: institution h-index 879 (OpenAlex) |
| Multicenter collaboration | 0 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 1 institution(s) in 1 country — scores zero (affiliation lists can be incomplete) |
| Indexed in PubMed | 1 / 2 | Not in PubMed, but has a DOI |
| Free to read | 2 / 2 | Free to read |
| Points | 30 / 96 | Scored on 19 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 30 of the 96 points we could judge it on is 31 out of 100. |
| Total | 31 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Full text: free to read — OpenAlex lists this copy as free to read: the link above (checked 6 Feb 1020).
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