Home › Research › Risk factors
Effects of Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals
Dong Hyuk Lee, Sang Won Seo, Jee Hoon Roh, Minyoung Oh, Jungsu S Oh, Seung Jun Oh, Jae Seung Kim, Yong Jeong. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2022-02-07
Topic: Brain imaging, connectivity and assessment
The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) has been proposed as a protective factor that modifies the effect of brain pathology on cognitive performance. It has been characterized through CR proxies; however, they have intrinsic limitations. In this study, we utilized two different datasets containing tau, amyloid PET, and T1 magnetic resonance imaging. First, 91 Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum subjects were included from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3. CR was conceptualized as the residual between actual cognition and estimated cognition based on amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration. The proposed marker was tested by the correlation with CR proxy and modulation of brain pathology effects on cognitive function. Second, longitudinal data of baseline 53 AD spectrum and 34 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants in the MEMORI dataset were analyzed. CR marker was evaluated for the association with disease conversion rate and clinical progression. Applying our multimodal CR model, this study demonstrates the differential effect of CR on clinical progression according to the disease status and the modulating effect on the relationship between brain pathology and cognition. The proposed marker was associated with years of education and modulated the effect of pathological burden on cognitive performance in the AD spectrum. Longitudinally, higher CR marker was associated with lower disease conversion rate among prodromal AD and CU individuals. Higher CR marker was related to exacerbated cognitive decline in the AD spectrum; however, it was associated with a mitigated decline in CU individuals. These results provide evidence that CR may affect the clinical progression differentially depending on the disease status.
Key findings
- The proposed marker was associated with years of education and modulated the effect of pathological burden on cognitive performance in the AD spectrum.
- Longitudinally, higher CR marker was associated with lower disease conversion rate among prodromal AD and CU individuals.
- Higher CR marker was related to exacerbated cognitive decline in the AD spectrum; however, it was associated with a mitigated decline in CU individuals.
- These results provide evidence that CR may affect the clinical progression differentially depending on the disease status.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Risk factors, ranked →
Study details
- Study designlongitudinal study
- Evidence strengthModerate
How this study scored 57/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for sample size, effect reported, studied in people and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multi-centre collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 32 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 57 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Frontiers in aging neuroscience) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 7 / 12 | A longitudinal study following the same people over time |
| Strength of evidence | 3 / 5 | Rated “moderate” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 3 / 5 | 2021 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 0 / 4 | Participant count not stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 0 / 3 | Not stated whether this was studied in people — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 35197838) |
| Free to read | — / 2 | Access not recorded — left out of this score |
| Points | 32 / 56 | Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 32 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 57 out of 100. |
| Total | 57 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 8 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Lee, D. H., Seo, S. W., Roh, J. H., Oh, M., Oh, J. S., Oh, S. J., et al. (2021). Effects of Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.784054
Vancouver
Lee DH, Seo SW, Roh JH, Oh M, Oh JS, Oh SJ, et al. Effects of Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2021. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.784054. PMID: 35197838.
BibTeX
@article{lee2021-35197838,
author = {Lee, Dong Hyuk and Seo, Sang Won and Roh, Jee Hoon and Oh, Minyoung and Oh, Jungsu S and Oh, Seung Jun and Kim, Jae Seung and Jeong, Yong},
title = {{Effects of Cognitive Reserve in Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitively Unimpaired Individuals}},
journal = {Frontiers in aging neuroscience},
year = {2021},
doi = {10.3389/fnagi.2021.784054},
pmid = {35197838},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.784054}
}