Home › Research › Brain scans and imaging
Early age-related macular degeneration, cognitive function, and dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Baker ML, Wang JJ, Rogers S, Klein R, Kuller LH, Larsen EK, Wong TY.. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 2009-05-01
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
Objective To describe the association of cognitive function and dementia with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in older individuals. Methods This population-based study included 2,088 persons aged 69 to 97 years who participated in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The AMD was assessed from retinal photographs based on a modified Wisconsin AMD grading system. Cognitive function was assessed using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Participants were also evaluated for dementia using detailed neuropsychological testing. Results After controlling for age, sex, race, and study center, persons with low DSST scores (lowest quartile of scores, < or =30) were more likely to have early AMD (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.85) than were persons with higher DSST scores. In analyses further controlling for education, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol level, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, and apolipoprotein E genotype, this association was stronger (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.10). There was no association of low Modified Mini-Mental State Examination scores, dementia, or Alzheimer disease with early AMD. Conclusions In this older population, cognitive impairment may share common age-related pathogenesis and risk factors with early AMD.
Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
APA 7th
Baker, M. L., Wang, J. J., Rogers, S., Klein, R., Kuller, L. H., Larsen, E. K., et al. (2009). Early age-related macular degeneration, cognitive function, and dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). https://doi.org/10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.30
Vancouver
Baker ML, Wang JJ, Rogers S, Klein R, Kuller LH, Larsen EK, et al. Early age-related macular degeneration, cognitive function, and dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 2009. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.30. PMID: 19433718.
BibTeX
@article{baker2009-19433718,
author = {Baker, M. L. and Wang, J. J. and Rogers, S. and Klein, R. and Kuller, L. H. and Larsen, E. K. and Wong, T. Y.},
title = {{Early age-related macular degeneration, cognitive function, and dementia: the Cardiovascular Health Study}},
journal = {Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)},
year = {2009},
doi = {10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.30},
pmid = {19433718},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.30}
}
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record names 7 authors; APA and Vancouver show the first six, BibTeX and the downloads carry all of them. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
Key findings
- Results After controlling for age, sex, race, and study center, persons with low DSST scores (lowest quartile of scores, < or =30) were more likely to have early AMD (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.85) than were persons with higher DSST scores.
New to this subject? Start with our plain-English guide: Brain scans & tests →
Study details
- Participants2,088
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 47/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record and multi-centre collaboration, so those were left out: it earned 27 of the 58 points we could judge it on, which is 47 out of 100.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)) |
| Journal's citation record | — / 4 | No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 1 / 5 | 2009 — within 20 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 3 / 4 | 2,088 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | — / 7 | No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score |
| Citations per year | — / 5 | No citation count or no year — left out of this score |
| Impact for its field and year | — / 6 | No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score |
| Cited by studies here | — / 6 | Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score |
| Still being cited | — / 4 | No yearly citation counts — left out of this score |
| Senior author's track record | — / 4 | Senior author's record not available — left out of this score |
| Institution's track record | — / 3 | No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score |
| Multi-centre collaboration | — / 3 | Institutions not listed — left out of this score |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 19433718) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Points | 27 / 58 | Scored on 11 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 27 of the 58 points we could judge it on is 47 out of 100. |
| Total | 47 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
Free copy unknown: no free-copy check has an answer for this record yet. That does not mean it is paywalled.