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Data‐driven discovery of midlife cardiometabolic profile associated with incident early‐onset and late‐onset dementia
Jiang Li, Jie Li, Yuefeng Yu, Ying Sun, Yanqi Fu, Lingli Cai, Wenqi Shen, Xiao Wei Tan et al.. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2025-03-06
Topic: Risk, prevention and care in population studies
During a median follow-up of 14.1 years, 279 early-onset dementia cases and 3167 late-onset dementia cases were documented. Among the five clusters of cardiometabolic profiles identified (cluster 1 [obesity-dyslipidemia pattern], cluster 2 [high blood pressure pattern], cluster 3 [high liver enzymes pattern], cluster 4 [inflammation pattern] and cluster 5 [relatively healthy pattern]), cluster 3 was significantly associated with higher risks of both early-onset and late-onset dementia; however, the risk estimate for early-onset dementia (hazard ratio 2.58, 95% CI 1.61-4.14) was larger than that for late-onset dementia (1.36, 1.09-1.71). Cluster 4 was associated with a higher risk of late-onset dementia (hazard ratio 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.72). No significant interactions were observed between cardiometabolic clusters and apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype. Cardiometabolic patterns characterised by relatively high liver enzyme levels or systemic inflammation were associated with increased risks of early-onset and late-onset dementia. Identification of high-risk subgroups according to distinct cardiometabolic patterns might help develop more precise strategies for dementia prevention regardless of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status.
Key findings
- During a median follow-up of 14.1 years, 279 early-onset dementia cases and 3167 late-onset dementia cases were documented.
- Among the five clusters of cardiometabolic profiles identified (cluster 1 [obesity-dyslipidemia pattern], cluster 2 [high blood pressure pattern], cluster 3 [high liver enzymes pattern], cluster 4 [inflammation pattern] and cluster 5 [relatively healthy pattern]), cluster 3 was significantly associated with higher risks of both early-onset and late-onset dementia; however, the risk estimate for early-onset dementia (hazard ratio 2.58, 95% CI 1.61-4.14) was larger than that for late-onset dementia (1.36, 1.09-1.71).
- Cluster 4 was associated with a higher risk of late-onset dementia (hazard ratio 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.72).
- No significant interactions were observed between cardiometabolic clusters and apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype.
- Cardiometabolic patterns characterised by relatively high liver enzyme levels or systemic inflammation were associated with increased risks of early-onset and late-onset dementia.
Why it matters
Middle-aged people with a cardiometabolic pattern of relatively high liver enzymes had higher risks of both early-onset and late-onset dementia, and a pattern of systemic inflammation was linked to higher late-onset dementia risk. These findings suggest that identifying such high-risk groups could help guide dementia prevention, regardless of APOE ε4 status.
Study details
- Participants249
- Evidence strengthLow
How this study scored 41/100
Published in a peer-reviewed journal. Scored zero for study design, effect reported and randomised / blinded because the record does not state it.
| Component | Points | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Journal tier | 7 / 10 | Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism) |
| Journal's citation record | 2 / 4 | Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism: journal h-index 186 (OpenAlex, 2026-10-29) |
| Study design | 0 / 12 | No study design recorded — scores zero, not guessed (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Strength of evidence | 1 / 5 | Rated “low” in our summary |
| Peer-review validation | 10 / 10 | Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal. |
| How recent | 4 / 5 | 2025 — within 3 year(s) of the newest study here |
| Sample size | 2 / 4 | 249 participants |
| Effect reported | 0 / 3 | No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Studied in people | 3 / 3 | Studied in people (participant count stated) |
| Randomised / blinded | 0 / 2 | No randomisation or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0) |
| Times cited | 1 / 7 | Cited 3 times (OpenAlex, 2026-10-10) |
| Citations per year | 1 / 5 | 1.0 citations a year over 3 year(s) since 2025 |
| Impact for its field and year | 2 / 6 | Cited 1.9× the average for papers of its field and year (OpenAlex FWCI) |
| Cited by studies here | 0 / 6 | No other study in this library cites it |
| Still being cited | 1 / 4 | Cited 3 times in 2024–2026 (2026 still in progress; OpenAlex) |
| Senior author's track record | 2 / 4 | Last-listed author Bin Wang: h-index 47 (OpenAlex, whole career) |
| Institution's track record | 1 / 3 | Uppsala University: institution h-index 1,114 (OpenAlex) |
| Multi-centre collaboration | 2 / 3 | OpenAlex lists 4 institution(s) in 2 countries |
| Indexed in PubMed | 2 / 2 | Indexed in PubMed (PMID 40045775) |
| Free to read | 0 / 2 | Behind a paywall — scores zero |
| Total | 41 / 100 | — |
What each of these 20 components measures, and what this score is not →
Read the original
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Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris
Built from the record alzhub holds for this paper, not looked up. Volume, issue and page numbers are not held in the record. The record's author list ends in “et al.”, so not every author is named. Check the citation against the original before you use it.
APA 7th
Li, J., Li, J., Yu, Y., Sun, Y., Fu, Y., Cai, L., et al. (2025). Data‐driven discovery of midlife cardiometabolic profile associated with incident early‐onset and late‐onset dementia. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16292
Vancouver
Li J, Li J, Yu Y, Sun Y, Fu Y, Cai L, et al. Data‐driven discovery of midlife cardiometabolic profile associated with incident early‐onset and late‐onset dementia. Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism. 2025. doi:10.1111/dom.16292. PMID: 40045775.
BibTeX
@article{li2025-40045775,
author = {Li, Jiang and Li, Jie and Yu, Yuefeng and Sun, Ying and Fu, Yanqi and Cai, Lingli and Shen, Wenqi and Tan, Xiao Wei and others},
title = {{Data‐driven discovery of midlife cardiometabolic profile associated with incident early‐onset and late‐onset dementia}},
journal = {Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1111/dom.16292},
pmid = {40045775},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.16292}
}
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