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68/100

✓ Peer-reviewed alzhub usefulness score 68 out of 100. Risk factors

Topic: Air pollution and environmental exposures

Plain-language summary

In the first year of follow-up, increased exposure to all air pollutants was associated with an increase in the use of CMHTs in a dose-response manner. These associations were strongest when we compared the highest air pollution quartile (quartile 4: Q4) with the lowest quartile (Q1) (eg, NO2: adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.45, p<0.001). Dose-response patterns between PM2.5 and CMHT events remained at 5 and 9 years. Associations were strongest for patients with vascular dementia. NO2 levels were linked with poor functional status, but not cognitive function. Residential air pollution exposure is associated with increased CMHT usage among people with dementia. Efforts to reduce pollutant exposures in urban settings might reduce the use of mental health services in people with dementia, freeing up resources in already considerably stretched psychiatric services.

Cite this study APA, Vancouver, BibTeX · download .bib or .ris

APA 7th

Ronaldson, A., Stewart, R., Mueller, C., Das-Munshi, J., Newbury, J. B., Mudway, I. S., et al. (2023). Associations between air pollution and mental health service use in dementia: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ mental health. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2023-300762

Vancouver

Ronaldson A, Stewart R, Mueller C, Das-Munshi J, Newbury JB, Mudway IS, et al. Associations between air pollution and mental health service use in dementia: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ mental health. 2023. doi:10.1136/bmjment-2023-300762. PMID: 37550086.

BibTeX

@article{ronaldson2023-37550086,
  author  = {Ronaldson, Amy and Stewart, Robert and Mueller, Christoph and Das-Munshi, Jayati and Newbury, Joanne B and Mudway, Ian S and Broadbent, Matthew and Fisher, Helen L and others},
  title   = {{Associations between air pollution and mental health service use in dementia: a retrospective cohort study}},
  journal = {BMJ mental health},
  year    = {2023},
  doi     = {10.1136/bmjment-2023-300762},
  pmid    = {37550086},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjment-2023-300762}
}

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How to read this study

Design: this is a follow-up (cohort) study. People are observed over time and not assigned to anything, so an association can reflect other differences between groups. Look at how long follow-up lasted, how many dropped out, and whether the authors adjusted for age, education and other health conditions.
Size: the record lists 5,024 participants. Ask whether that is enough for the question, and who they were.
Effect: the record gives no effect size, so the summary above cannot say how large any difference was.

What the evidence grade means here

This page is graded moderate. alzhub.org assigns the grade automatically from keywords in the abstract, not from reading the paper. Moderate means the abstract mentions a cohort, case-control or longitudinal design. It can add at most 5 of the 100 points in the study score, and it is a label about design, not a verdict on whether the findings are true.

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Key findings

In the first year of follow-up, increased exposure to all air pollutants was associated with an increase in the use of CMHTs in a dose-response manner.
These associations were strongest when we compared the highest air pollution quartile (quartile 4: Q4) with the lowest quartile (Q1) (eg, NO2: adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.45, p<0.001).
Dose-response patterns between PM2.5 and CMHT events remained at 5 and 9 years.
Associations were strongest for patients with vascular dementia.
NO2 levels were linked with poor functional status, but not cognitive function.

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Study details

Study designlongitudinal study
Participants5,024
Evidence strengthModerate

How this study scored 68/100

Published in a peer-reviewed journal, and it is a longitudinal study following the same people over time. Scored zero for effect reported and randomized / blinded because the record does not state it. We have no data on journal's citation record, times cited, citations per year, impact for its field and year, cited by studies here, still being cited, senior author's track record, institution's track record, multicenter collaboration and free to read, so those were left out: it earned 38 of the 56 points we could judge it on, which is 68 out of 100.

Component	Points	Why
Journal tier	7 / 10	Tier 3 — peer-reviewed journal (BMJ mental health)
Journal's citation record	— / 4	No journal record from OpenAlex — left out of this score
Study design	7 / 12	A longitudinal study following the same people over time
Strength of evidence	3 / 5	Rated “moderate” in our summary
Peer-review validation	10 / 10	Peer-reviewed. Published as an article in a named peer-reviewed journal.
How recent	3 / 5	2023 — within 6 year(s) of the newest study here
Sample size	3 / 4	5,024 participants
Effect reported	0 / 3	No effect size reported — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Studied in people	3 / 3	Studied in people (participant count stated)
Randomized / blinded	0 / 2	No randomization or blinding stated — scores zero (not stated in the record — scored 0)
Times cited	— / 7	No citation count (not found in OpenAlex) — left out of this score
Citations per year	— / 5	No citation count or no year — left out of this score
Impact for its field and year	— / 6	No field-weighted citation impact (OpenAlex has none yet) — left out of this score
Cited by studies here	— / 6	Not yet checked against this library's citation graph — left out of this score
Still being cited	— / 4	No yearly citation counts — left out of this score
Senior author's track record	— / 4	Senior author's record not available — left out of this score
Institution's track record	— / 3	No institution listed in OpenAlex — left out of this score
Multicenter collaboration	— / 3	Institutions not listed — left out of this score
Indexed in PubMed	2 / 2	Indexed in PubMed (PMID 37550086)
Free to read	— / 2	Access not recorded — left out of this score
Points	38 / 56	Scored on 10 of 20 parts. We have no data for the rest, so they are left out: 38 of the 56 points we could judge it on is 68 out of 100.
Total	68 / 100	—

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